51. Ibid., vi, 76-93.
52. Ibid., xxvi, 112.
53. Ibid., xxvii, end.
54. Ibid., xxx, 37-9.
55. Ibid., xxxi, 49-51.
56. Ibid., end.
57. Id., Paradiso, iii, 85.
58. Ibid., xxvii, 22-8.
59. Id., Inferno, xviii, 57-63.
60. Id., Paradiso, ix, 127.
61. Id., Inferno, xxiv, 125.
62. Ibid., xxxiii, 152.
63. Ibid., xxxiii, 80-4.
64. Ibid., xxxiii, 148.
EPILOGUE
1. Coulton, Medieval Village, 290.
Index
The main reference to an item is italicized. The articles a, the, al, and el are ignored in alphabetization.
Aachen, 465, 469, 470, 471, 474
art of, 845
coronations at, 566
palaces at, 467, 479
Aama, et-Toteli, el-, 320
Aaron of Lincoln, 377
Aaron ben Meshullam, 991
abacus, 989, 990
Abba Areca, see Rab
Abbad, Sahib ibn, 237
Abba Umna, 361
Abbas, uncle of Mohammed, 187
Abbas I, 148
Abbasa, 199
Abbasids, 206, 218, 225, 226, 240, 292
Abbaye aux Dames (La Trinité), Caen, 869
Abbaye aux Hommes (St. Étienne), Caen, 479, 482, 668, 869, 871
abbeys, 847, 883
income of, 767
abbots, 564, 661, 786, 871
elections of, 760
Abd al-Aziz, 291-292
Abdallah, 162, 284
Abdallah, son of al-Mansur, 295
Abdallah, son of Zobeir, 193-194
Abdallah, uncle of Abu al-Abbas, 196
Abdallah ibn Qaddah, 261
Abdallah ibn Tumart, 314
Abdallah ibn Zobeir, 219, 229
Abd al-Latif, 282
Abd-al-Malik, Amarid, 295, 296
Abd-al-Malik, Umayyad, 193, 194, 195, 208, 219, 228, 229
Abd al-Mumin, 314
Abd al-Muttalib, 162
Abd-er-Rahman I, 292, 302, 303
Abd-er-Rahman II, 292, 301
Abd-er-Rahman III, 293, 297, 302, 371
Abd-er-Rahman V, 296
Abd-er-Rahman ibn Awf, 190
Abd-er-Rahman Shandjul, 296
Abd-er-Rahman, son of Hakam II, 294
Abel, 1028-1029
Abélard, Peter, 66, 255, 450, 479, 595, 697, 707, 746, 754, 790, 806, 808, 903, 907, 914, 920, 923, 931-948, 949, 951. 953, 959, 974, 983, 984, 996, 1004, 1009, 1018, 1029
followersb of, 1082
Abi’l-Khayr, Abu Said ibn, 256-260, 261, 322
abortion, 76-77, 223, 360, 824, 844
Abou ben Adhem, 261
Abraham, 161, 184, 211, 216, 229, 414, 417
Abraham ben David, 415, 417
Abraham, father of Omar Khayyam, 321
Abraham ibn Daud, 407
Abraham ibn Ezra, 403
Abraham al-Fari, 396
Abraham ben Hiyya (Savasorda), 403, 911, 991
Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra, 397-398
Abraham ben Moses, 414
Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia, 417
Abraham (Hroswitha), 515
Absalon of Lund, 665, 1019
absolution, 544, 741, 760, 782, 815
absolutism, 504, 656, 674, 726
Abul-Faraj, see Bar-Hebraeus
Abul-Faraj, see Isfahani, al-
Abu Zaid, 320
Abubacer, 334-335
Abulcasis, see Zahrawi, Abul Qasim al-
Abulfeda, 233
Abydos, 425
Abyssinia, 49, 146, 156, 165, 349, 993
Negus of, 172
academies, 383
Jewish, 366, 400, 401
Acarnania, 605
accountants and accounting, 629, 757, 908
Accursius, elder, 908, 917, 918
acolytes, 749, 896, 1027
Acre (Aqqa), 592, 593, 595, 596, 597, 599, 601, 602, 607, 608, 609, 610, 616, 620, 713, 716, 717
siege of, 822
actors, 157, 643, 840, 841, 1028, 1029
Actus Beati Francisci, 798
Ad Carolum regem (Theodulf), 470
adab, 264
Adalbero, Archbishop of Reims, 475, 540, 778, 856
Adam, 15, 68, 69, 161, 238, 354, 412, 950, 1028
Adam of Bremen, 619
Adam de la Halle, 1029
Adam de Ros, 1068
Adam of St. Victor, 750
Adamnan, 532
Adams, Henry, 879
Adelaide, wife of Otto II, 511, 512
Adelard of Bath, 342, 911, 1003-1004, 1009, 1016
Ademar, Guillem, 1038
Aden (Adana), 156, 207, 208
Adeodatus, 65, 66, 67
Adham, Ibrahim ibn, 261
adban, 212
Adhemar of Monteil, 591
Adhemar, Viscount of Limoges, 673
Adid, al-, 311
Adil, al-, 366, 598, 600
Adonai, 354
adornment, 273, 847-848, 850
administration, 126, 308, 442, 464, 467, 653, 1083
ecclesiastical, 521, 754
treatises on, 429
Adrianople, see Hadrianople Adriatic, 454, 616, 617, 708, 812
Adud al-Dawla, 203, 271
adultery, 113, 137, 181, 355, 362, 431, 465, 575, 825, 842, 1049
laws on, 755
Advent, Second, 809, 1008
Aeneid (Virgil), 134, 270, 987, 1018, 1068
aeromancy, 987
Aeschylus, 283
Aesculapius, 75
Aëtius, 38, 40, 41, 91, 117
Aëtius of Amida, 120, 121
Afak, 168-169
Affonso II, 702
Affonso III, 702
Aflah, Jabir ibn, 329
Afghanistan, 136, 196, 203
Africa, 22, 29, 37-38, 46, 47, 48, 65, 72, 108-109, 117, 209, 242, 264, 275, 282-286, 286-291, 292, 307, 310, 320, 330, 371, 372, 405, 423, 457, 464, 521, 525, 530, 554, 590, 615, 663, 703, 705, 992
Islamic, 286-289, 410, 616, 980
“Against the Galileans” (Julian), 15
Against Those Famous Men in Philosophy, Albert and Thomas (Siger of Brabant), 957
Agathias, 124
Agapetus II, 538
Agha Khan, 310
Aghmat, 307
Agnes of Meran, 689
Agnus Dei, 749
agnosticism, 264, 301, 331
Agobard, St., 531, 985
Agricola, Gnaeus Julius, 495
agriculture, 140, 298, 330, 371, 375, 429, 435, 445, 475, 521, 558-559, 645, 652, 666, 669, 689, 700, 702, 710, 753, 949, 975, 1007
organization of, 560
treatise on, 359
Agrippa von Nettesheim, Cornelius, 418
Agron (Saadia), 368
agronomy, 298, 330
A Guide to the Solitary (Ibn Bajja), 334
Ahmar, Muhammad ibn al-, 316
Ahriman, 137, 139, 140
Aidan, St., 534
Ailly, Pierre d’, 1010
Ain-Jalut, 312, 313, 340
Ainnle, 498, 499
Akiba, 351, 355, 362-365, 416
Aisha, 166, 167, 172, 173, 174, 191, 220, 221, 276
Aisne River, 37, 876
Aistulf, 452
Aix-en-Provence, 688
Aix-la-Chapelle, see Aachen
Akkad, 343
Ala ad-Dawla, 248
Ala al-Din Muhammad, 339
Alain of Lille, 955
Alamut, 262, 309, 310, 340
Alani, 24, 26, 28, 37, 38
Alaric, 9, 26, 27-28, 35-37, 38, 40, 41, 69, 72, 111, 817
Alaric II, 88, 91, 95
Alban, St., 533
Albania, 657
Albategnus, see al-Battani
Alberic, opponent of Abélard, 940
Alberic, Roman patrician, 538
Alberigo, 725, 1080
Albert of Aix, 822
Albert, Bishop, 659
Albert the Great. See Albertus Magnus
Albertus Magnus, 124, 257, 402, 414, 803, 838, 879, 912, 923, 941, 949, 953, 955, 957, 960-961, 962, 965, 969*, 977, 988, 991, 992, 995, 1003-1005, 1010, 1016, 1077
Albigensians, 47, 612, 708, 764, 770-772, 907
Albinus, 100, 101
Albrecht III, 375
Alcantara, Knights of, 697
Alcazar, 271, 302, 315, 892
alchemy, 122, 244-245, 249, 305, 328, 720, 988, 996-997, 1007, 1072
alcohol, 244*, 997, 1084
Alcuin, 465-468, 470, 483, 497, 514, 564, 579, 742, 914, 1018
alembic, 244
Alemanni, 12, 22, 687
Alençon, 481