Islamic, 227-234, 291
Italian, 474, 662-663, 712, 724, 888, 918, 919, 1062, 1085
Lombard, 638, 664, 713, 716, 721, 723, 791, 916, 1063
Moorish, 304
Portuguese, 702
Roman, 637
Russian, 653, 656
Spanish, 295, 297, 459, 699, 701
Western, 846
of Western Asia, 341
citizenship, 388, 712
City of God (Augustine), 30, 72-73
city-states, Italian, 762
of Moslem Spain, 306
Spanish, 296
Ciullo d’Alcamo, 1056
civilization, 206, 278, 282, 332, 343-344, 405, 445, 451, 459, 464, 470, 475, 534, 579, 788, 819, 820, 844, 852, 854, 900, 1063, 1083, 1085, 1086
Anglo-Saxon, 485-491
Byzantine, 118-135, 427-428, 442, 450
Christian, 697
classic, 894
European, 646, 656
French, 575, 771
German, 514-516
Greek, 442
Irish, 496-501
Islamic, 153-344, 609, 611, 1082*
Italian, 456-458
Judaic, 345-419
Roman, 23, 107, 843
Sasanian, 243
Spanish, 701
Viking, 504-510
Clairvaux, 594, 789-791, 792
clans, 495, 497, 501
Serb, 657
Clara, St., 798, 805-806
Clarendon, 671
Assize of, 680
Constitutions of, 671, 672
class, artisan, 619
mercantile, 618, 631
differences, 379, 839, 840
feeling, in Britain, 648
raiment, 833
war, 209-210, 295-296, 306, 646-649, 685, 729
classes, 637, 646, 695, 756, 845, 934
business, 908
educated, 263, 294, 307, 954
in Florence, 729
university, 921
upper, 280, 302
classics, 365, 477, 724, 907, 939, 944, 952, 1018, 1027
Confucian, 265
copies of, 906
Greek, 239, 497, 907, 1086
Latin, 466, 915, 1023, 1086
classrooms, 927
Claudian, 30, 33, 56, 75, 78
Claudius, Bishop of Turin, 743
cleanliness, 356-357, 386, 456, 835, 836, 1001
Clement I, St., 525
Clement II, 540
Clement III, 550-551
Clement IV, 726, 765, 993, 1007, 1014
Clement V, 610, 680, 695, 755, 782, 783, 815-816, 1000, 1072
Clement of Alexandria, 630
Cleopatra, 1070
clerestory, 867, 873
clergy, 53, 426, 429, 434, 441, 463, 465, 466, 467, 468, 472, 481, 500, 515, 521, 537, 541-542, 546, 551, 553, 559, 640, 646, 653, 696, 706, 754, 756-760, 763, 768, 769, 784, 812, 813, 817, 847, 878, 900, 904-905, 908, 915, 916, 921, 927, 941, 998, 1000, 1013, 1029-1030
Anglo-Saxon, 668
Christian, 18, 373, 389, 596, 763
of Constantinople, 529
Dutch, 686
English, 668, 671, 675, 676, 677, 679, 683
French, 694, 814, 815
Gallic, 531, 533
German, 543, 663
Greek, 528, 604, 605
Irish, 682
Italian, 540
Latin, 528, 652
Norman, 668
Russian, 653
secular, 404, 521, 757, 785, 787, 802, 914
Spanish, 95, 700
Clericos laicos (Boniface VIII), 813, 815
Clermont, 86, 87, 586
Council of, 387
Clichy, Council of, 630
Cligès (Chrétien), 1045
clinics, 330
clocks, 995, 1084
cloisonné, 847
Clonard, school at, 497
Clonmacnois, 500
school at, 497
Clontarf, 500
Clorumia, 147
Clotaire, see Chlotar
Clothilde, 91, 92
Clovis, 91-92, 93, 94, 349
Cloyne, 500
Cluny, 537, 786, 791, 831, 847, 868-869, 946, 947
library of, 909
monk artists of, 845
Clyde, Firth of, 501
Cnut, 485, 491, 492-493, 503, 924, 986
Code des Rhodiens, 620
codes, barbarian, 434, 567
maritime, 342, 1083
Codex Constitutionum, 111-112
Coimbra, 292, 869
coin clipping, 378, 625
coinage, 299, 695
Arab, 208
gold, 622, 625-626
private, 566
rights, 626
silver, 487
coins, Augustan, 625
clipped, 380
of Frederick II, 718-719
German, 1041
coitus, 1002
coitus interruptus, 824
Colchis, 119
College of Eighteen, Paris, 922
Collège des Hautes Études, Paris, 440
colleges, 236, 239, 285, 293, 304, 319, 366, 500, 514, 828, 922, 923, 924, 925, 978, 1084
collegia, 29, 922
Colmar, 472
Cologne, 12, 88, 92, 369, 390, 391, 462, 474, 476, 516, 545, 606, 615, 619, 624, 635, 640, 642, 769, 830, 870, 903, 914, 922, 960, 962, 977, 980, 1025
Archbishop of, 664, 758
Cathedral, 865, 886-887, 889
Colonna family, 706, 812, 815, 817
Colonna, Jacopo and Pietro, 812-813
Sciarra, 815
colonies, 370, 440, 447, 1086
colonnades, 865, 891
colors, 879-880
heraldic, 562*
and mixtures, 847
oil, 854, 997
Colosseum, Rome, 450
Columba, St., 532, 533, 579
Columban, St., 532-533
Columbkille, 532
Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus, 558
Columbus, Christopher, 617, 1010, 1082, 1085
columns, 286, 303, 304, 455, 458, 859, 866, 879
combat, judicial, 568
trial by, 89-90
comedies, 515, 835
comets, 1005, 1019
comfort stations, public, 835
Comités, 7
Commentaries (Gaius), 112
Commentary (Galen), 910
Commentary on Boethius (John of Salisbury), 951
commerce, 315, 342, 359, 369, 370, 373, 376, 386, 432, 436, 447, 451, 454, 456, 487, 497, 552, 565, 612, 614-621, 642, 652, 654, 657, 660, 685, 696, 702, 704, 710, 712, 727, 767, 816, 903, 915, 919, 923, 949, 994, 1084
Atlantic, 617
Byzantine, 436
Christian, 845
Florentine, 729
French, 876
German, 618
Islamic, 207-209
Italian, 654
Jewish, 376
Latin, 651
Rhenish, 389
common pleas, 676
communal movement, 638-641
communes, 459, 637-643, 649, 688, 690, 699, 708, 845, 854, 863, 893, 949
communication, 283, 552, 566
Communion, First, 741
communism 144, 252, 261, 262, 444, 630, 769, 975
Como, 452, 629, 633, 667, 712, 714
compass, 611, 615-616, 1084
floating, 996
Compendium (David Kimchi), 396
Compendium Scientiarum (Grosseteste), 925
Compendium studii philosophiae (Roger Bacon), 1012-1013
Compendium studii theologiae (Roger Bacon), 1014
Compendium theologiae (Aquinas), 966
Compiègne, 476
Cathedral, 932
composers, 897, 898, 899
compurgation, 486
trial by, 89
Computus (Grosseteste), 991
Computus naturalium (Roger Bacon), 1007
Comyn, John, 684
Conall Cernach, 82, 83
conception, 985, 997
conceptualism, 934, 951
Conchobar, 82
Conciliator controversiarum (Peter of Abano), 956
concubinage, 53, 65, 181, 197, 222, 380, 521, 546, 757, 824
clerical, 541-542, 770, 932
concubines, 340, 460, 471, 503, 554, 822, 927, 942
Condorcet, Marie Jean de Caritat, Marquis de, 982
condottieri, 453, 724, 1085
conduct, code of, 939
of Church, 754-756
confederado, 687
confession, 473, 543, 739-742, 779, 781-782
“Confession of Goliath” (Archipoeta), 1025-1026
Confessions (Augustine), 71-72, 808
Confessions (St. Patrick), 84
confirmation, 382, 418, 738
confiscation, 292, 300, 377, 378, 390, 393, 427, 431, 461, 465, 723, 766, 779, 782, 783, 812, 814, 1062
confraternities, 766
congregations, Jewish, 374, 389-390, 896
Conies (Apollonius of Perga), 122, 911
Connaught, 82, 496, 682
Conor, 82, 498