physics, 328, 329, 336, 911, 912, 925, 990, 994, 995, 1009, 1010
Physics (Aristotle), 240, 253, 405, 912, 925, 954, 966
Physiognomia (Michael Scot), 988
Physiologus, 1005
Piacenza, 42, 616, 662, 712, 770, 996
Council of, 431, 549, 586
University of, 919
Pico della Mirandola, 418
Picts, 22, 80, 489, 501
pictures, 426, 807, 864, 880
Pierleoni family, 706, 760
Piero delle Vigne, 717-719, 724, 962, 1056
Pierre de Bruys, 778
Pierre de Dreux (Mauclerc), Duke of Brittany, 880
Pierre de Montereau, 877, 882
Pierrefonds, 892
Piers Plowman, 585
piety, 267, 294, 336, 356, 358, 389, 416, 431, 433, 467, 471, 527, 736, 804, 810, 822, 844, 896, 944, 1022
pigments, 997
pilgrimage, 215-216, 259, 266, 333, 458, 752-753, 783, 806, 877, 878, 884, 992, 1069
pilgrims, 404, 530, 542, 767, 839, 867, 871, 1002
pillage, 290, 339, 379, 391, 444, 445, 474, 475, 500, 639, 906
pillar hermits, 60
Pinturicchio, 889
“pious frauds,” 828, 844
pipe rolls, 980*
piracy, 290, 436, 465, 506, 509
pirates, 450, 454, 471, 474, 496, 510, 614, 618, 619
Pirke Aboth, 363
Pisa, 404, 448, 457, 474, 586, 592, 602, 612, 616, 617, 638, 663, 705, 707, 713, 729, 756, 779, 854, 861, 862, 863, 868, 989, 990, 1064, 1073, 1080
Campo Santo, 862
Cathedral, 457, 855
Pisani family, 628
Pistoia, 854, 862, 1062, 1080
Cathedral, 848
Placidia, 41
plague, 116, 423, 435, 520, 558, 716, 1003, 1019
planets, 305, 337, 353*, 985, 991, 1005, 1077, 1078
planisphere, 244
planting and reaping, 789
plants, 797, 853, 860, 987, 994, 997-998, 1005, 1016
Plato, 9, 16, 65, 66, 70, 73, 122, 123, 138, 240, 250, 251, 335, 381, 406, 477, 506, 784, 820, 912, 931, 933, 941, 949, 950, 959, 965, 971, 1014, 1052, 1070
Plato of Tivoli, 911
playing cards, 838
plays, 701, 752, 840, 841, 1027, 1029
pleurisy, 471
plica polonica, 1003
Pliny, 31, 87, 238, 502, 994, 1005, 1008, 1016, 1017
Pliska, 443
Plotinus, 9, 66, 122, 255
Pneumatics (Philo of Byzantium), 240
Po River, 40, 451, 616, 645, 646, 708, 710, 712, 714
podestas, 662, 708, 729, 730, 797
Poema del Cid, 1031
poetry, 157, 160, 263-270, 286, 288, 290, 292, 297, 312, 334, 342, 371, 372, 395, 429, 467, 515, 531, 576, 579, 650, 684, 701, 736, 747, 752, 818, 901, 915, 964, 1022, 1036, 1056-1062, 1065-1081, 1085
allegorical, 1051
Anglo-Saxon, 489-491
French, 925
Gallic, 85-86
German, 466, 515
Hebrew, 384, 396-400, 1023
Icelandic, 508
Irish, 497-499
Latin, 466, 1022, 1023, 1027
love, 563, 750, 979, 1036, 1057, 1061, 1068, 1085
Moslem, 159-160, 263-270, 300, 306-307, 320, 342, 343
Persian, 267-270, 319-328
Portuguese, 702
pre-Islamic, 259
religious, 325, 384
troubadour, 577, 578
poets, 157, 263-270, 279, 291, 293, 294, 297, 304, 306-307, 309, 312, 319, 340, 371, 372, 395, 396, 495, 497, 576, 579, 666, 673, 701, 731, 827, 903, 1019, 1036, 1056-1058
Christian, 1068
German, 575, 905, 1039
Goliardic, 1025
French, 882
Islamic, 159-160, 319-323, 320
Italian, 1057
love, 907, 1057
Norse, 507-509
Roman, 515
pogroms, 370, 372, 385, 390, 391, 392, 393, 401, 660
Balkan, 657
Poitiers, 85, 91, 94, 292, 577, 643, 851, 951
Poitou, 393, 675, 690
Poland, 375, 391, 535, 537, 619, 658-660, 663, 832, 903, 1003
Poles, 445, 657, 659, 661
police, 820, 930
politics, 371, 433, 438, 528, 775, 786, 1032
ecclesiastical, 828
Italian, 811
papal, 521, 524-527
Shia, 254
Politics (Aristotle), 912, 966, 974
Pollentia, 27, 31, 41
polo, 841
Polo, Andrea, 993
Maffeo, 993
Marco, 242, 309, 318, 404, 710, 993
Niccolò, 993
Polycraticus (John of Salisbury), 951-952
polygamy, 93-94, 137, 172, 179, 181, 183, 222, 348, 362, 380, 503, 505, 530
polyphony, 899-900
polytheism, 83, 260, 261, 341, 354, 456, 932
Pomerania, 510, 659, 660
Pontine Marshes, 98
poor (class), 299, 378, 379, 427, 430, 433, 451, 454, 464, 465, 472, 480, 484, 487, 506, 521, 560, 575, 640, 648, 652, 654, 660, 671, 691, 785, 803, 1002
“Poor Catholics,” 770
Poor Clares, 805, 806
Poor Men of Lyons, 770, 780
Poore, Richard, 806, 885
poorhouses, 379
Pope, Arthur Upham, 270*, 274*
Popes, 50-51, 349, 365, 388-389, 440, 452, 456, 459, 467, 468, 512, 513, 515, 521, 524-527, 528, 533, 537-538, 543, 544, 547, 564, 566, 572, 638, 657, 663, 677, 678, 697, 703, 706-708, 714, 717, 721, 722, 727, 728, 729, 731, 739, 754, 756, 758, 759, 763, 767, 768, 779, 782, 786, 790, 791, 802, 803, 810-812, 815, 831, 845, 862, 930, 968, 988, 1000, 1012, 1041, 1062, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1085
population, growth of, 642
pork, 357, 837
Porphyry, 99, 240, 932, 938
Port Royal, convent of, 805
Portinari, Folco, 729, 1059, 1065
Portiuncula, Assisi, 798, 799, 801
portolani, 994
portraiture, 276, 319
ports, 290, 434, 436, 448, 454, 465, 616, 617, 651, 700, 708
Portugal, 701-702, 762, 869, 919
post, 225-226, 299, 621-622
Posterior Analytics (Aristotle), 911, 912, 925
potatoes, 837
pottery, 150, 270, 275, 278, 287, 318, 339, 342, 432, 441, 624, 686, 849, 997
“pound sterling,” 619, 626
poverty, 79, 347, 359, 378, 405, 423, 450, 456, 459, 495, 519, 552, 579, 647, 649, 656, 732, 769, 788, 794, 798, 799, 801, 803, 804, 805, 808, 831, 854, 894, 903, 1083
evangelical, 770, 785, 793, 959
Islamic, 343
Jewish, 939
power, 293, 295, 338, 469, 475, 513, 525, 547, 662, 690, 795, 814, 832, 1062
Arab, 282
Bulgarian, 430
French, 876
German, 661
of Greek Empire, 431-437
imperial, 513, 547
Mongol, 993
Norman, 705
Samanid, 247
Pozzuoli, 716
Practica chirurgiae (Roger of Salerno), 1000
Practica oculorum (Benvenutus Grassus), 403
Practica geometriae (Leonardo Fibonaca), 990
Praetextatus, 32-33, 34, 50
Pragmatic Sanction, 694
Prague, 660, 664
Praxiteles, 133, 861
prayer, 212-214, 259, 356, 382, 383, 518, 527, 738, 742-748, 769, 785, 799, 807, 943, 947, 955, 976, 986, 1021, 1022
Prayer Book for Roisterers, 900
preaching, 795, 798, 802, 803
precarium, 553
predestinarianism, 252, 477
predestination, 177, 249, 250, 976, 1078
pregnancy, 360
prelates, 391, 427, 433, 461, 473, 475, 511, 513, 526, 579, 675, 682, 718, 799, 811, 849, 854, 861, 867, 1004, 1008, 1013, 1019
Prema, 72
Premonstratensians, 791, 941
Přemyslid dynasty, 660, 661
presbyteroi, 45
Preslav, 444, 657
“Prester John,” 992
prices, 119, 285, 374, 378, 465, 640, 647, 718, 755, 767, 795, 813, 1084
priests, 310, 437, 448, 466, 467, 472, 474, 489, 496, 497, 520, 525, 531-532, 648, 695, 756, 757, 758, 765, 768, 769, 772, 825, 839, 864, 895, 900, 907, 913, 914, 937, 1027, 1032, 1054
“primates,” 758
primogeniture, 567, 679-680
Prince, The (Machiavelli), 724
printing, 263, 611, 906, 1054
“Priory of the Arts,” 730
Priscian, 124, 908
Priscillian, 47, 778
Priscus, 20, 123
prisoners, 379, 430, 571, 782, 831, 844
Probus, 23, 104, 108