Tiberius CLAUDIUS Nero = (1) Urgulanilla —
= (2)AeliaPaetina
Germanicus = Elder Agrippina
Livilla - Drusus
= (3) Messallina
(two children)
Octavia-I1)L. Silanus (d. 48) - (2) NERO
Nero Drusus CAUGULA Younger Agrippina Drusilla lulia Livilla
lulia ■ Rubelliua Blandus
Antonia = (1) Cn. Pompeius Magnus Tiberius Gemellus * (2) Faustus Sulla Felix (d, 37)
RubelliusPlautui Id. 62)
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
Rome and Italy
The Provinces
Literature, Art and Architecture
Assassination of Iulius Caesar (i; March).
Battle of Mutina, deaths of consuls Hirtius and Pansa. Octavian becomes consul (19 August). Lex Titia establishes the triumvirate (»7 November).
42 Deification of Iulius Caesar.
40 Surrender of Perusia to Octavian by L. Antonius (early spring). Octavian marries Scribonia (summer). Pact of Brundisium (September). Herod granted the throne of Judaea (autumn). 39 Pact of Misenum (spring)
Cicero's De Officiis. Cicero's Philippic 1 (2 September), Philippic in (20 December).
Murder of Cicero. Birth of Ovid.
45 Death of D. Brutus in Gaul.
42 Sex. Pompeius controls Sicily. Naval battle 42 Restoration of the temple of Saturn,
with Salvidienus Rufus. Illyrian triumph of P. Vatinius (51 July). Battles of Philippi (first early in October, second on 25 October), followed by suicides of Brutus and Cassius.
41 Antony in Asia. Herod and his brother 41 Virgil, Eclogue tv written for Pollio's con- Phasael appointed tetrarchs of Judaea. sulship of 40.
Antony meets Cleopatra at Tarsus in winter and proceeds to Alexandria.
40 Parthian invasion of Syria led by Pacorus and Q. Labienus. Death of King Deiotarus of Galatia. Death of Calenus in Gaul (summer).
59 Ventidius defeats the Parthians. Agrippa campaigns in Gaul. Antony and Octavia at Athens (winter).
38 Renewal of triumviral powers for five years from i January. Marriage of Octavian and Livia (17 January). Triumph of Ventidius (27 November).
37 Pact of Tarentum (summer).
36 Removal of Lepidus from triumvirate. Octavian granted saerosanctitas of a tribune.
34 Sosius'triumphoverJudaea(3 September).
33 Octavian's second consulship. Powers of the triumvirate lapse at the end of the year.
3 2 Divorce of Octavia by Antony. Publication of Antony's will by Octavian. Personal oath of loyalty sworn to Octavian inthetownsof Italy and the West.
31 Octavian's third consulship.
30 Octavian offered tribunician ius auxilii.
29 Closing of the doors of the temple of Janus (11 January). Octavian's triple triumph (13-13 August).
38 Second victory of Ventidius over Parthians and death of Pacorus. Antony captures Samosata. Sex. Pompeius' success against Octavian off Cumae and in Straits of Messina.
37 Capture of Jerusalem by Sosius and formal inauguration of the reign of Herod (July). Appointment of client kings: Archelaus in Cappadocia, Amyntas in Galatia, Polemo in Pontus. Marriage of Antony and Cleopatra at Antioch.
36 After initial reverse (August), Octavian defeats Sex. Pompeius at Battle of Naulo- chus (3 September). Antony's Parthian offensive, failure at siege of Phraata and retreat through Armenia.
3 5 Death of Sex. Pompeius in Asia.
35-33 Octavian's campaigns in the Balkans.
34 Antony's invasion of Armenia and capture of Artavasdes. Triumph at Alexandria, followed by the 'Donations'.
3 3 Death of Bocchus of Mauretania. Antony remains in Armenia.
31 Battle of Actium (2 September). 30 Capture of Alexandria by Octavian and suicide of Antony (1 August). Suicide of Cleopatra (10 August). 29-28 M. Licinius Crassus pacifies Thrace and defeats Bastarnae.
38 Publication of Virgil, Eclogues.
37-36 Varro, De Re Rustica. Composition of Horace, Satires (37-30).
36 Reconstruction of the Regia.
3; Death of Sallust.
34-3 3 Agrippa restores aqueducts and adds a fifth (Aqua lulia).
3 3 Agrippa as aedile revives lusus Troiae.
32 Restoration of Pompey's Theatre.
30 Publication of Horace, Epodes.
29 Dedication of the temple of Divus Iulius and the Curia lulia (18 August) and the altar of Victory (28 August). Arch in the Forum
i8 Octavian and Agrippa share the consular fasces and begin Uctio senatus with a grant of censoria potestas (or 29?). Return of control of aerarium to the praetors. Octavian becomes princeps senatus.
27 Octavian appears before the Senate (13 and 16 January). He is given the name of Augustus, the oak wreath, the grant of a provincia for a period of ten years, with the right to govern it through legati. Triumph of M. Licinius Crassus (4 July).
28 Inscription of Cornelius Gallus commemorates defeat of revolt in the Egyptian Thebaid and penetration of Roman arms beyond the First Cataract.
27-24 Augustus in Gaul and Spain.
to commemorate the victory at Actium. Restoration of temples of Apollo and Hercules Musarum. Completion of Virgil, Georgics and Propertius, Elegies 1.
28 First celebration of the Actian Games (September). Dedication of the temple of Apollo on the Palatine (9 October). Mausoleum of Augustus begun. Composition of Vitruvius" De Architectura (28-23).
27 Death of Varro. Agrippa's construction of the Pantheon.
2 j Marriage of Iulia and Marcellus. Closing of the doors of the temple of Janus. Augustus falls ill.
23 Illness of Augustus. He resigns the consulship and on i July receives imperium maius proconsular and tribunicia potestas for life, the latter renewed annually on 9 December. Death of Marcellus. Agrippa given a grant of imperium proconsular.
22 Trial of Marcus Primus and conspiracy of Caepio and Murena. Augustus refuses dictatorship and consulship for life but accepts cura annonae.
21 Marriage of Agrippa and Iulia.
26 Dismissal and suicide of Cornelius Gallus (or in 27).
26—23 Campaign of Aelius Gallus to Arabia Felix.
2) Juba II made king of Mauretania. Campaigns of M. Terentius Varro in the Val d'Aosta. Death of Amyntas and annexation of Galatia.
23-22 Campaigns of P. Petronius in Ethiopia (or 24-22).
23-21 Agrippa sent out to the East with imperium.
22-19 Augustus in Greece and Asia.
25 Ovid begins writing the Amores. 24-23 Publication of Horace, Odes 1-111.
26 Propertius, Elegies 11-iv (26-16).
23 Maecenas falls out of favour in the imperial court.
22 Temple of Jupiter Tonans on Capitol (1 September).
19 Augustus given a lifetime grant of the right to carry the consular fasces and to sit between the consuls.
18 Renewal of the grant of the provincia to Augustus. Agrippa's imperium is renewed for five years and he is granted tribmicia potestas. Another lectio senatus.
18/17 ?Augustan mora) legislation.
17 Augustus adopts his grandsons, Gaius and Lucius, the children of Agrippa and lulia. Celebration of the ludi saeculares.
13 Tiberius consul. Death of Lepidus the triumvir. Agrippa's tribunieia potestas and imperium proconsulate renewed, the latter made maius.