[23] For a different view, Gabba 1971 (c 93) 146—50; Roddaz 1988 (c 201).
[24] EJ2 7, Dio XLvin.5.4 cf. Wallmann 1989 (c 243) 82-4.
[25] App. BCiv. v.14.55; Dio xLVii.14.4; cf. Keppie 1983 (E65) 59-60.
M Keppie 1983 (e 65) 66-7.
w App. BCiv. v.21.83, 52.216, 60.251; cf. Dio XLViii.27.1.
[28] Cf. App. BCiv. v.66.179, with Gabba 1970 (в j 5) adloc.\ Brant 1971 (a 9) 498.
[29] Cf. the correspondence with Rhosus (EJ2 301, RDGE 58) and with Ephesus, Samos and Aphrodisias (Reynolds 1982 (в 270) docs. 10, 12, and probably 6 and (if correctly dated and interpreted) 13, with pp. 39—40); Millar 1973 (c 17;), esp. 36; Badian 1984 (в 208).
[30] Reynolds 1982 (в 270) doc. 12; Millar 1973 (c 175) 56. At Antony and Cleopatra 1.1.20-2 Cleopatra spoke truer than Shakespeare knew: 'Fulvia perchance is angry; or who knows If the scarce-bearded Caesar have not sent His powerful mandate to you: "Do this, or this ...".'
App. BCiv. v.67.282 withGabba's note; Dio xlviii.31, xlviii.34.2; cf. Nicolet 1976(0 104)95.
App. BCiv. v.67.280; Dio xlvin.30. 77 Syme 1939 (a 93) 220 and n. 6.
[33] Plut. Ant. 51.5; cf. Buchheim i960 (c 49) 40-1.
[34] Joseph. BJ 1.282-5, A] xiv.381-5. Other grants too were made by the Senate: freedom, it seems, for Stratoniceia, Miletus and Aphrodisias-Plarasa (Reynolds 1982 (в 270) doc. 8).
[35] App. BCb. v.75.318; Dio XLvm.34.1; Reynolds 1982 (в 270) doc. 8 with p. 39: cf. Millar 1973
(c 175) 5 3_4- 81 Reynolds 1982 (в 270) 70-1.
[37] It is suggestive that the offer of compensation was made directly to the proscribed, and was
apparently more acceptable to them than to Sextus: App. BCiv. v.71.301-2.
s> App. BCb. v.73.313. w Plut. Ant. 52; cf. App. BCiv. v.73.310; Dio xtvin.38.
15 Reynolds 1982 (в 270) doc. 8 line 26, with her commentary.
[41] On the date, Pelling 1988 (в i j8) 206; Wallmann 1989 (c 243) 234.
[42] Stratoniceia: RDGE 27. Aphrodisias-Plarasa: Reynolds 1982 (в 270) docs. 8 and 9, cf. doc. 6 lines 28-9, 10 line 2, with her commentary. Miletus: Mile! 1 3 nr. 126 lines 23-5 with pp. 252-3,
[43] IG и2 1043. 22-3. 98 Agora inscription published by Raubitschek 1946 (p 202) 146-50.
99 Dio xlviii. 39.2; Sen. Sunt. 1.6.7 (the story has evidently been embroidered, but probably has at
least some basis). It need not follow that Octavia herself was regarded as Athena incarnate, as
Raubitschek 1946 (f 202) thought.
,cn Cf. especially Mannsperger 1973 (c 171) 384-6. Here Dionysiac types were admittedly
standard: Crawford 1974 (в 319) ii 743 n.4. 101 Socrates of Rhodes, FGrH 192 F 2.
102 Dio xlix. 19-20 with Reinhold 1988 (в \<,6)adloc.\ cf. Sherwin-White 1984 (л 89) 304-6. The
similarities to the events of 39 are in fact suspicious, and the same stories may have been used by
historians for two different campaigns. But it is likely enough that Ventidius tried to repeat his
waiting game, and just possible that Pacorus fell into the trap.
[53] Plut. Ant. 34.5-7. The terms dearly gave the city over to the Romans (Joseph, ^yxiv.447, BJ 1.322; Oros. vi.18.23). Cf. Sherwin-White 1984 (a 89) 306 and n.24.
[54] Suet. Aug. 62.2 with Carter 1982 (в 24) adloc.\ Dio xlvui.34.3.
[55] App. BCiv. v.79-}j6. too So App. BCiv. v.92.386.
Dio XLvm.49.z-3; cf. App. BCiv. v.75.318, 92.386.
Dio xLviii.43.1-3, cf. xlviii.j3.1-3, xlix.i6.2, xux.43.7; Frei-Stolba 1967 (c 92) 83.
к» Dio xLviii.43.1, xlviii.j3.4-6; App. BCiv. rv.41.172-3.
110 So App. BCiv. ¥.93.386-95.398. For the divergences between this account and Plut. Ant. 35.1
and Dio XLVin.54 cf. Pelling 1988 (в 138) 213-14. 111 Plut. Ant. 35.1.
112 The treaty is normally put a litde later, in September or October, but the grounds for this are slight. A July/August date would be late enough to rule out a resumption of the Parthian War until
36 (cf. Plut. Ant. 35.8); Octavian's delay of the war against Sextus (App. BCiv. v.9J.396) was probably one of the treaty's terms, and tells nothing of its date. It is hard to think that even protracted negotiations would have dragged on into September.
[63] For the details, Paget 1968 (d 218) 163-9; Roddaz 1984 (c 200) 95-114.
[64] Dio xlvin.46.1; Strab. v.4.3-5 (24jQ. 124 For the date, Schŭrer 1973 (e 1207) 1.284-6.
125 The territorial extent of Polemo's realm is not precisely clear, but it was evidently similar to
that of Darius: cf. Hoben 1969 (e 840) 42-4.
[67] Possibly at first jointly with his elder brother Deiotarus Philopator. Cf. Strab. хи.3.40-2 (j62C); Hoben 1969 (e 840) 118-19.
[68] Strabo. xn.6.2-7.1 (569C); Hoben 1969^ 840) 123-4. 128 Cf. Levick 1967 (e 851) 25-6.
App. BCiv. v.7.31 (of 41 B.C., awenpa(fv is rqv fSaoiXclav: cf. Buchheim 1960(049) }j-6,
observing Appian's careful phrasing.
[71] Dio xux.32.3: on the date cf. Buchheim i960 (c 49) J9.
[72] Strab. хи.3.6-8 (J43C), }-)J—J (h8Q. 3-57-8 ()6oC), 8.7-9 (5 74Q,xiv.j. 16-21 (676C), with
Pelling 1988 (в 138) adloc.\ cf. Magic 1950 (e 8; 3) 435-6, 1240, 1285-7, and on Antony's policy in general Bowersock 1965 (c 39) 42-61. 132 Tac. Ann. 11.42.2.
[74] Plut. Ant. 36.3-4 and Dio XLIX.32.3-5 agree in placing these grants in 37-36. Joseph. A] xv.94-5 appears to place the gifts of parts of Phoenicia, Arabia and Judaea in 34, but he himself seems to associate these gifts with that of Lysanias' domain, which certainly belongs in 37-36: he is clearly combining several different phases of Qeopatra's past. Cf. for the date Buchheim i960 (c 49) 69-73; for the Arabian grant Bowersock 1983 (e 990) 40-4; for the balsam woods Schŭrer 1973 (e 1207) 198-300.
[75] Porphyry FCrH 260 p.2.17; Dio xux.32.5; Joseph. A] xv.92, BJ 1.440. The adjoining territory probably included Canatha (Joseph. AJxv. 112, BJ 1.366), Hippos and Gadara (Joseph. AJ xv.217, BJ 1.396); possibly also Damascus, where Cleopatra's portrait appears on coins (though that need not be decisive). Cf. Bicknell 1977 (c 29) 339.
[76] Dio xlix-32.5; cf. Grant 1946 (в 322) 55-8; Buttrey 1983 (в 315) 24-7.
[77] Cf. Plut. Ant. 37.1-2 withPtlling 1988 (в 138)ad!oc.\ Dio xux.23.5, xlix.24.3 with Reinhold 1988 (в 150) ad lot. Phraates won Monaeses back suspiciously quickly; Ног. Carm. 111.3.9-12 may even indicate that he entrusted him with an important command. Possibly Monaeses' 'desertion' was simply a signal to Phraates that he would go over to Rome unless restored to authority.
,<0 Suet. lul. 44; cf. Bengtson 1974 (c 22) 4-9, Malitz 1984 (c 169) 56-7.
Dio xlix.2j. 1. In 54-3 he had advised Crassus similarly (Plut. Crass. 19, 22.2).