249-54. 225 Suet. Aug. 22; Dio li.21.5-9.
[390] Aug. RG 26.2—j, 27.1, 27.3, 29.1-2, 30.1-2; cf. Nicolet 1988 (a 69) 28-40.
[391] Aug. RG 26.1. The passage is interpreted, rather too strictly, by Braunert 1977 (c 25 5) 207-17, to imply that Augustus created no new provinces. See Veil. Pat. 11.39.3.
[392] Aug. RG 13; cf. Dio Liv.36.2.
[393] The only exception is a claim that the Alps were subdued without bringing an unjust war on any tribe; RG 26.3.
[394] For various views, see e.g., Meyer 1961(0 288); Brunt 1963 (c 256) 170-6; Seager 1980(0 309) 103-11; Williams 1990 (c 325) 258—75. Recent bibliographies in Doblhofer 1981 (c 265) 1922-6; Little 1982 (в 111) 352-70. See esp., Johnson 1973 (в 93) 171-80; Griffin 1984 (c 269) 189-218.
[395] Virg. G. 11.169-72, hi. jo-}, lv. j j 9-62.
[396] Virg. Am. 1.278-9,111.714-18; cf. 1.286-90, vi.791-800, vii.601-15.
[397] Hor. Epod. vii.3-10; Sat. пл.10-13; Carm. 1.12.49-37, 1.29.1-5, 1.35.29-40, 111.3.45-58,
111.4.25-36. 234 Hor. Carm. 1.2.51-2,1.12.53-4,1.29.4-5,11.9.18-22, III.3.43-4,111.5.2-12.
[399] Hor. Epist, 1.12.27-8, 1.18.56-7, Ii.i.2j6; Carm. IV.14.41-J2, 1v.1j.6-8, Iv.15.21-4; Carm.
Saec. 53-6. 236 Prop. ii.i.2j-36, n.io.13-18; cf. iv.4.11-12.
[401] Prop. 11.10.13-14,11.14.23-4,111.4.1-9, hi.9.54, in.12.3, iv.3.7-10, iv.3.35-40, iv.3.63-9.
** Prop. rv.6.79-80.
[403] Bibliography on the Ara Pacis is immense. Among the more important publications, see Moretti 1948 (f 505); Toynbee 1953 (f 597)67-95; Kahler 1954 (F439) 67-100; Hanell i960 (f 405) 31-123; Simon 1967 (f 576); Borbein 1975 (f 294) 242-66; Pollini 1978 (f 531) 75-172; Torelii 1982 (f 596) 27-61; Zanker 1988 (f 633) 172-83, 205-6. de Grummond 1990 (c 272) 663-77, unconvincingly identifies the female deity with Pax.
[404] See the meticulous calculations of Buchner 1976 (f 304) 319-65; 1983 (f 307) 494-508.
[405] Luttwak 1976 (a 57) 13-50, 192.
[406] See the list of scholars in Oldfather and Canter 1915 (c 294)9-10, and note, esp., Syme 1934(0 J12) ЗИ-4; Kraft 1973 (a 53) 181-208.
[407] Brunt 1963 (c 256) 170-6; Wells 1972 (e 601) 1-15; Moynihan 1986 (c 291) 149-62; Nicolet 1988 (a 69) 41-8.
[408] For imperial 'policy' as a response to initiatives from others, esp. Millar 1977 (л 59). Patronage: Wallace-Hadrill 1989 (f 75), esp. chs. j and 6. Showmanship: Gzek 1971 (c 540) (and below, on Nero). Succession in pre-industrial states: J. Goody (ed.) Succession to High Office, Cambridge, 1966, p. 115: 'The Baganda firmly maintain that it is dangerous to publish in advance the choice of a successor, as he will surely commit murder to hasten his succession.'
[409] Tiberius has attracted numerous biographers, among them Seager 1972 (c 992); Levick 1976 (c 366). Cf. Pippidi 1963 (c 385); Rogers 1943 (c 388); Syme 1974 (c 398). On the events of 2 B.C. and a.d. 8, Meise 1969 (c 373), chs. 2 and 3; Syme 1974 (c 229).
[410] Elections: Levick 1967 (c 365).
[411] On the military sacramentum-. Campbell 1984(0 173), pp. i9fT. Mutinies: Schmitt 19)8 (c 391); Sutherland 1987 (в 358) ch. 16.
[412] Koestermann 1958(0 363); Hennig 1972 (c 35 5); Sutherland 1987(0 3s8)ch. 19. On Tiberius' own network of patronage in the East, Levick 1971 (c 156). Piso's temper: Sen. Ira i.iS.jff. Egypt: EJ2 320, J79 = ЛЛГ 5)7, 558. Funeral honours for Germanicus: Gonzalez 1984 (в 234).
[413] Libo: Weinrib 1967 (c 411)
[414] Bauman 1974 (f 641). Nero cut rewards to one fourth: Suet. Ner. 10. Dig. 37.14.10 (Antistius Labeo) on the accused's immediate exclusion from the emperor's amicitia. Moderatio and dementia-, n. 17 above.
[415] Only a late source, John of Antioch (FHG iv. j 70) states that Tiberius 'called him his child [ie., son-in-law] and successor'.
[416] Syme 1956 (в 288). The inprobae comitiae are mentioned in ILS 6044= EJ2 5 3 = AN 101. On Sejanus, Meise 1969 (c 375) ch. 4; Hennig 1975 (c 354); Woodman 1977 (в 202).
[417] The prosopography of individuals' careers and family relationships often has to be based on epigraphical evidence and chance remarks in literature. Many questions remain unresolved (e.g. the relationship to each other and to the Caesars of different Scribonii and Pisones). Family background was an essential element of imperial biography, but even Suetonius' lives (Galba, Otbo, Vitellius and Divus Vespasianus) contain unreliable or ambiguous statements. For Valerius Asiaticus, cf. Tac. Hist. I.; 9; for the clients of Germanicus and Antonia the Younger, see Gallotta 1988 (c 348); Kokkinos 1991 (c 364).
[418] Finance and credit: Rodewald 1976 (в 548); Sutherland 1987 (в j 5 8) ch. 14. Jurisprudence: chs 12 and 21 below. Note Sejanus' relationships with Aelius Tubero and the Cassii; and his son Decimus Capito Aelianus may have been adopted by C. Ateius Capito. Claudius blames the 'absentia pertinaci patrui mei' for failure to resolve the citizen status of the Anauni: ILS 206.
[419] Provinces: Orth 1970 (c 384); Rectus: Dio Lvn.10.5.
[420] Oaths: GCN 32 = AN 362, from Aritium in Lusitania: 11 May 37; GCN 33 = AN 563, from Assus in the Troad. Tiberius' funeraclass="underline" Dio Lix.3.7. The inscription on Gemellus' tomb shows that no formal adoption in fact occurred: ILS 172.
[421] Possessio'. Buckland 1965 (f646) 20 j. Legal recognition of usucapio of an estate was only granted after one year; but possessio itself was a matter of immediate fact. On the adoption of the deceased's name by an heir, Syme 1984 (d 72).
[421] Britain: Barrett 1980 (с 352); Murison 1985 (c 379); Boatwright 1986 (c 33) (pomerium). Arch: GCN 43. The representation of'Bretannia' at Aphrodisias: JRS 1987, plate xiv; Levick 1990 (c 372)
plate 20. 43 Corbulo: Syme 1970 (c 397).
[422] Corn: Momigliano 1934 (c 377); Meiggs 1973 (e 84); Chandler 1978 (c 338); Rickman 1980 (e 109). CERES AUGUSTA: GCN 312(a) = AN Si у Frontin. Aq. 106; 'urbem inundationis pcriculo liberavit', ILS 207 = GCN 312(b) = ЛЛГ 81 j. On Pallas, Oost 19; 8 (c 3 8 3); Sutherland 1987 (в 3 j 8) ch. 34.
[422] 'Crescent, rationemque a se omnium factorum acciperet': Suet. Claud. 43.
[423] Main sources: Tac. Ann. xiii-xvi; Suet. Nero.; Dio lxi-lxiii. Biographers are attracted to Nero: cf. Wankenne 1984 (c 408). Assessments: Warmington 1969 (c 409); Griffin 1984 (c 352); Cizek 1972 (c 340) and 1982 (c 341); V. Rudich, Political Dissident; under Nero (London, 1993).
[424] Ephesus dossier: Engelmann and Knibbe 1986 (в 228). Egypt: edict of Tiberius Iulius Alexander, MW 528 = GCN 591 = AN 600; cf. Chalon 1964 (e 909), and ch. 14л below.