45 Л/л/ xiii 2, nos. j, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 37, 39; the elogia of Roman type from Arretium and Pompeii form part of the same phenomenon.
[565] McBain 1982 (f 177), with the review by Beard 1983 (f 90).
[566] E. Gabba (n. 40). 52 Frederiksen 1976 (e 42).
[567] ILLRP 286 (Trasacco of the Marsi), 483 (Ager Falernus), 1254 (Forum Novum in Sabina);
Vetter 195 (Lucania); see in general Lejeune 1976 (e 74), for the loss of the rich variety of Oscan pratnomina, the emergence of standard abbreviations for the praenomina that survived, the adoption of the abbreviation "f(ilius)' and the appearance of cognomina. 61 Poccetti 1984 (e 96).
[569] Domitian's letter to Irni shows for a later period how difficult the process was; Mourgues 1987 (в 2; 7) is not persuasive.
[570] Frederiksen 1959 (e 4i) = (in part) Frederikson 1984 (e 43) 285-318, 281-4.
[571] Degrassi 1961—2 (в 225).
[572] See Leg. 11.1.2-2.5, with n. 17 above; compare Off. 1. 54-5, 'magnum est enim eadem habere monumenta maiorum, iisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia'; the passage has nothing to do with the institution ofacommon tomb for a single family, contra de Visscher 1963 (e 135) 129—30.
[573] Bejor 1979 (f 269) 126; Rossignani 1990 (e i i 5); Italy is hardly present in the great exhibition catalogue Kaiser Augustus und die verlorene Republik 1988 (f 443).
[574] A similar pattern on a smaller scale is also evinced by the red-gloss table-ware produced at Puteoli, Pucci 1981 (e ioi) 107—10; and in the pottery style discussed by Lavizzari Pedrazzini i987(e 72). See also M. Torelli (n. 20), at 34-6, for the spread throughout Italy between 50 B.C. and the turn of the eras of the 'villa system', whatever precisely that may have been.
[575] Thomsen 1947 (e 127); Nicolet 1988 (a 69) 221-3; f°r Italy under the Empire, see Eck 1979 (e I")-
[576] Smith 1958 (d 232); Harmand 1967 (d 193); Keppie 1983 (e 6j).
[577] Vittinghoff 1952 (c 239); Keppie 1983 (e 65); for Schneider 1977 (d 231), see the review by Keppie 1981 (d 201), rightly dismissive; for some recent new evidence, see Tagliaferri 1986 (e 125); Solin 1988 (в 283) 99-101.
[578] Note that in the eyes of Aulus Gellius intermarriage with other groups by men of the Marsi led
to the loss of their magic powers, NA xvi.ii.i. 72 Susini 1976 (e 124).
[580] Panciera 1985 (E91).
[581] For the phenomenon in general, see the articles in Studi Miscellanei 10, 1965-4; Torelli 1976 (e 130) 101, for a case at Falerii Novi linked to colonization.
[582] Torelli 1969 (e 129): one of the monuments at Beneventum is again that of a veteran; see now also Sena Chiesa 1986 (e 119) (at least from the area of Mediolanum).
[583] L. Keppie (n. 69) supersedes the speculations of Ciampoltrini 1981 (e 16).
[584] CIL i2 5107.
[585] Crawford 1989 (e 28), correcting (n. 3), 160; for the gravestones of the imperial period, see Bermond Montanari 1959 (e 3).
[586] Coins: Grant 1946 (в 322) 190-2, 195; Burnett 1992 (в 311). Inscriptions: H. Willers, RhM 60 (1905) 321-60; G. Manganaro, Cronachedi ArcbeologiaeStoriad' Arte 3 (1964) 5 3-68 (Tauromenium); IG xiv 367 (Haluntium); 1G xiv 954 and AE 1966, 168 bis (Agrigentum). See also Wilson 1990 (e '97) Я7 notes 25-6. I take AE 1966, 163 (= 1990, 437), referring to an <27701*10 at Centuripae, to belong to 44 в.с. immediately after Caesar's grant and before Antony's conversion of it to full citizenship (Wilson 1990 (e 197) 41-2); if so Caesar planned colonial Latinae in Sicily along the lines of those established in Narbonensis c. 45 в.с.
[587] Pace Stone 1983 (e 188). For this period in detail, Hadas 1930 (c 108) 71-150; Tarn 1934^ 189); Goldsberry 1982 (e 161) 489-97; Roddaz 1984 (c 200) 117-38.
[588] Cessation of corn exports: App. BCiv. iv.84-6, cf. Dio XLVin.17.4-19; their resumption: App. BCiv. v.56, 67-74; Dio XLVin.36.1.
[589] Lepidus: App. BCiv. v.98.408. Lilybaeum defences: ILS 8891. Later stages: App. BCiv. v.105; 109; 110-12.
[590] Not all scholars agree. Beloch 1886 (a 4) 327 emended Pliny's text (HN nr.91) to imply that all the communities were Latinat condicionis, but that Centuripae, Netum and Segesta were tax free (immunts), the rest stipendiary. Scramuzza 1937 (e 187) 343-7, Manganaro 1980 (e 170) 452, and Clemente 1980 (e 1; 4) 466-7 have followed Beloch, but tampering with Pliny's text is unwarranted (Wilson 1990 (e 197) 36-7).
[591] CIL x 7463 (Haluntium), 7458 (Halaesa). Coins: Grant 1946 (в 322) 195-7; Burnett 1992 (в 311). Full references in Wilson 1990 (e 197) 42.
[592] Probably Augustan, certainly pre-Claudian: Tac. Ann. xii.23.1 (a.d. 46), cf. Dio lii.42.6 (29 b.c.).
[593] Cf. Strab. vni.7.5 (386-8C) (on Patras) and vi. 1.6 (257-90) (on Reggio);cf. also RG 28.1; Suet.
Aug. 46. 17 Strab. vi.2.4 (269-72C).
[595] Wilson 1988 (e 196); 1990 (e 197) with full discussion of the evidence.
" Wilson 1985 (e 194); 1990 (e 197) 143-59.
[597] Tac. Ann. iv.43; Suet. Claud. 25.5.
[598] So all sources (and apparently CIL x 8034) except Appian, who calls him Menodorus: see BCiv. v. 56 with Gabba 1970 (в 5 5) ad loc.
[599] App. BCiv. iv.2; v.56,67, 72, 78—80; Dioxlvin.28.4; 30.7-31.2; 36.1-6;45.4-9; Plut. Ant. 32.
[600] Dio lin.12.4 (27 b.c.); lv.28.1-2 (a.d. 6), cf. Livy, xl.54.13.
[601] Praefectus Corsicae: CIL xn 245 5 (Julio-Claudian); praefectus Sardinian. EE vin 744 (a.d. 46); AE 1893, 47.1 take T. Pompeius Proculus on an Augustan milestone (ILS 105) to be governor; he appears as pro legato (sc. praefectus?), perhaps in acknowledgment of legionaries in his command (so Meloni 1958 (e 174) 11-17). Others, however (J. Saŝel, Chiron 10(1974) 467-72; Thomasson 1972 (e 190)), take pro legato and praefectus Corsicae to be subordinates of a single governor of Sardinia- Corsica, the split in administration not occurring until 67. Cf. also RE xxn 2 (1954) 1291—2.