34 Strab. v.2.7 (224—5c). a.d. 19: Tac. Ann 11.85.4 (with Goodyear ad loc.), cf. Suet. Tib. 36 and Dio Lvii. 18.5a.
[603] AE 1921, 86 = Sotgiu 1961 (в 286) no. 188; not necessarily post-19,pace Meloni 1958 (e 174) 15-17.
[604] Paus. vii.17.3; Suet. Ner. 14.
[605] Tac. Hist. 11.16 (with Chilver ad loc). The title had changed before 56: Vipsanius Laenas, the procurator of Sardinia condemned for extortion in that year (Tac. Ann. xin.30.1), was clearly the governor.
[606] Per» Rowland 1985 (e 185) no and Dyson 1985 (e 157) 138. The inscription is ILS 5947.
[607] Sardinia: CIL x 8023-4 (a.d. 74). Corsica: CIL x 8038 (a.d. 72).
[608] Sen. Dial, xii.6. 5; 7.8-10. Sardinia, too, was used to exiles: Anicetus, C. Cassius Longinus and Crispinus were banished there by Nero (Tac. Ann. xiv.62.6, xvi.9.2 and 17.2).
[609] Pliny, HN 111.80; Moracchini-Mazel 1971 (e 177) and 1974 (e 178) (Mariana); for Aleria, Jehasse and jehasse 1982 (e 166), but I have not followed their chronology, which is too high. On the dating of double-precinct fora, Todd 1985 (f 395) 64.
[610] Meloni 1975 (e 175) год. Quattuorviri-. ILS 1402, 6765; CIL x 7600, 7605.
[611] It is omitted in the list in RG 28.
[612] Sotgiu 1961 (в 286) no. 45 (Nora); Sotgiu 1961 (в 286) no.), ILS 6764, and C/L x 7519 (Sulcis). For Cornus, Meloni 1975 (e 175) 242. Carales, if it remained provincial capital, was doubdess later made a colonia (cf. AE 1982,423); Olbia is a likely candidate for at least municipal rank. On the rarity of quattuorviri in provincial municipia under the Empire, A. Degrassi, Scritti vari di anticbita 1 (1962) Moff, iv (1971) 79.
[613] Exceptions include ambulations at Carales before a.d. 6 (CIL x 7581), a Neronian temple of Ceres at Olbia (Sotgiu 1961 (в 286) no. 309), and probably the theatre at Nora (on its date Wilson
1980-1 (e 193) 222, n. 7). The Porto Torres baths are not late first century B.C.,pace Maetzke 1966 (e 168) 162, as the axial type is not pre-Neronian in Rome; a brick-built provincial example on an imposing scale such as this is hardly pre-100 (cf. Boninu, Le Glay and Mastino 1984 (e 151) 13-18). On the cities in general, Tronchetti 1984 (e 191). " Meloni 1975 (e 175) 268 with references.
46 Grain: Rickman 1980 (e 109) 106-7; Rowland 1984 (e 183). Countryside in generaclass="underline" Rowland 1984 (e 184). Mines: Meloni 1975 (e 175) 157-61. Iron: DioxLii.56.3 (46 B.c.). Ingot: CILx 8073.1.
[616] AE 1907, ii9 = Sotgiu 1961 (в 286) no. 177.
[617] Acquaro et al. 1969 (e 143) (Antas); Meloni 1975 (e 175) 231, 323 and 338.
[618] Guzzo Amadasi 1967 (e 162) 135—6.
[619] M.D. Dopico Cainzos, Gerion 4 (1986) 265-83; cf. Ah 1984, 5 5 3.
[620] Strab. ш.4.20 (167c). On the Roman army in Spain, see now, above all, Le Roux 1982 (e 228), cf. Alfoldy 1987 (d 159) 482-513.
[621] Cf. Le Roux 1982 (e 228) 107-18, with the list of the inscriptions attesting the prata (pasture- lands) of legio IУ Macedonica and cobors IV Gallorum.
[622] CIL xr 395 = ILS 2648: [p(rimc)p(ilo)] legionii) VI victr(icis), donisdonato ob resprosper(e)gest(as)
contra Astures (c. a.d. 60 or some years before). 9 Cf. Le Roux 1982 (e 228) 85-93.
•o Strab. ш.4.9 (160c); P. Sillicres, REA 83 (1981) 255-71. On the Via Augusta which was, unlike its predecessor, the republican Via Domitia, more a system of roads than a single road, cf. F. Palli Aguilera, La via Augusta en Cataluna, Bellaterra, 1985.
[625] G. Fabre, M. Mayer and I. Roda, Inscription! romaines de Catalogne i, Barcelone (sauf Barcino) (Paris, 1984) no. i; C. Castillo, J. Gomez-Pantoja and M. D. Mauleon, Inscripciones romanas del Museo de Navarra(Pamplona, 1981) no. \ \ ibid. no. 2 = G. Fatasand M.A. Martin Bueno, Epigrafia romanade Zarago^ajsuprovincia(Zaragoza, 1977) no. r 1; ibid. no. [9 cf. AE 1984,583-5. On [he road system in Roman Hispania, cf. Roldan Hervas 1975 (e 236).
[626] J.M. Roldan Hervas, lterab Emerita Asturicam. El Camino de la Plata (Salamanca, 1971) 51 no. 25
[627] On urbanization in Roman Spain, see, above all, Galsterer 1971 (e 221); Wiegels 1985 (e 245);
Alfoldy 1987 (e 205).
[628] Pliny, HN hi.7, hi. 18,111.77-8, iv. 117.
[629] CIL и 5103-4 (aed., a.d. i 2/14); CIL и 381* (certainly authentic, tui. Illlvir). Cf. Alfoldy 1987 (E 205) 77-80.
[630] A list of the coloniae in Spain: Brunt 1971 (a 9) J90-3.
[631] Cf. Alfoldy 1987 (e 20j) 53-4 and 104-j; cf. also the lists and maps in Wiegels 198) (e 24J)
164-8. 18 AE 1971, 172; cf. Wiegels 1983 (e 245) 20-2.
[633] On municipal institutions in Roman Spain, cf. Alfoldy 1987 (e 205) 27-9 (with further bibliography).