42 Batoviĉ 1968 (e 653) 1973 (e 654). 43 SvoljSak 1976 (E 699).
Piccottini and Vetters 1981 (e 684) 10-17.
[696] Daicoviciu 1972 (e 658) 127-99.
[697] The date of the division of Illyricum into Pannonia and Dalmatia remains a problem and has most recently been considered by Fitz 1988 (e 663) (suggesting a.d. 19/20). A belief that a division of Illyricum, either in a.d. 8 or 9, produced two provinces known for a period as Illyricum Superius (Dalmatia) and Inferius (Pannonia) is now to be abandoned since it rests on a doubtful MS record of the full text of the now fragmentary C/L tn 1741 (Epidaurum) as a dedication to the early Tiberian legate Cornelius Dolabella by the 'civitates superioris provinciae Hillyrici'. See Novak 1966 (e 680). The earliest record of Dalmatia is a monument, probably of Claudian date, erected at Rome, AE 1913, 194, but Illyricum, evidently denoting Pannonia still appears in official documents as late as a.d. 60, CIL xvi 4.
[698] Alfoldy 1974 (e 6)2) 7-15.
[699] Mocsy 1974 (e 677) j j—4. A more southerly line for the Pannonian-Dalmatian boundary has
been suggested by'DuSanic 1977 (e 661) 64-6. 50 Gerov 1979 (e 668).
[701] ILIug 57 and 60 (a.d. 53/4). 52 Wilkes 1969 (Е 706) nci-xxvii.
[702] AE 1957, 25, in which a procurator is honoured by 33 itratcgiac. Tac. Ann. хн.62-3 (appeal of
Byzantium in a.d. 5 3). 54 ILĴ 208.
[704] CI.Liii 3198-201,10156-9, and Wilkes 1969 (£706)452-5 (readings based on Alfoldy 1964 (e 648) 247). The road beyond Burnum to the Sava valley was completed in a.d. 47, CIL 11113 3 29ft. On 'viae militares' in the Danube lands see J. Ŝaŝel, Studim den Mililargren^en Roms II (Koln, 1977)
235-44. 58 Tac. Am. 1.20.
[706] ILlug j 6,5 5 and 5 8. One of the two Tiberian texts is illustrated by Swoboda 1939 (e 701) pi. V.
[707] ILS 231 and p. CLXX (CIL 111 6123 cf. p. 1059= 14207м), AE 1912,193, recording work in
a.d. 61 under the procurator T. Iulius Ustus. 61 Wilkes 1969 (e 706) 456-9 and 1974 (e 707).
[709] Dalmatia: Alfoldy 1987 (d 159) 259-97. Pannonia, Mocsy 1974 (e 677) 48-51. Noricum: Alfoldy 1974 (e 652) 65.
« J.J. Wilkes in Hartley and Wacher 1983 (c 274) 266-7.
[711] Zaninovic 1977 (e 711) 791-}, and 1980 (e 712) (Narona); Clairmont 1975 (e 6)5) 58-82 (Salona); Suiĉ 1976 (e 697) 1 jo-j (Iader and Aenona), 158 fig. 74 (Asseria), 88-104 (centuriation); ŜaSel 1968 (е 691) 549-55 (Emona); Mocsy 1974 (e 677) 74-89 (Emona and Savaria), 78-9 (centuriation);Wilkes 1969 (e 706) 559 fig. 15 and 569 (Aequum), 566-7 (Asseria); Alfoldy 1974 (e 652) 87-9 (Virunum). Bradford 1957 (a 7) 175—95 (centuriation).
[712] Wilkes 1969 (e 706) 499-502; Matijaŝiĉ 1987 (e 674) 495-551.
[713] Cic. Leg. Мая. 34; cf. shipping at Utica, Caes. BCiv. 11.23.6. For amphorae, A. Hesnard in Lancel 198J (e 748) 49-59.
[714] Dio xliii.14.1; Suet. Ы. 42.1. The best discussion of Caesarian settlements is Teutsch 1962 (e
765). 5 See Broughton 1971 (e 721), against Kornemann, who put forward this view.
[716] EJ2 191 is a milestone recording the road.
" Dyson 1975 (c 266). For causes in general, see Dio Lxvii.4.6; Tac. Am. ill.40; Hilt iv. 14; Agr.
xxxi. " CIL hi 538. Tacfarinas' land demands, Tac. Am. 111.73.
[719] Trousset 1978 (e 768) 141.
[720] Desanges 1964 (E 728).
[721] Tac. Aim. 11.52; ш.20-1, 52,73-4; iv.i 23-6; Veil. Pat. 11.12 5. Places discussed by Syme 1951 (e 764).
[722] Tac. Am. m.74 and EJ2 210 show the commander, P. Cornelius Lentulus Scipio, came with the legion.
[723] Aur. Vict. 4.2; ILS 2721; /RTjji; EJ2 218a (dated a.d. j;/6).
[724] Land markers-C/Lvni 22786 (cf. EJ2 264), 22789; ILTun 71,73,74. Lepcis monument-AE 1961, 107-8. See Trousset 1978 (e 768).
[725] Note the Numidians at Masculula not far from Simitthu (cf. n. 29 below), EJ2111. Tacfarinas' corn — Tac. Ann. rv. 13. Massinissa's claims - App. Pun. 68.
[726] leg(io) III Aug(uita) leimitavit, e.g. EJ2 264.
[727] Tac. Hilt, iv.48; Dio Lix.20.7. Benabou 1972 (e 714).
[728] E.g. EJ2 260 - a soldier who served nineteen years in an outpost at Simitthu in the north west of the province over this period; Tac. Hist. rv. jo — the legate at Hadrumetum.
[729] Suet. Calig. j 5; Dio lix. 2 j; Tac. Am. 1v.23.Faur 1973 (e 730) in preference to Fishwick 1971 (e 7 Ьг).
[730] AE 1966, 595; Tac. Hist. 11.58-9.
[731] praef(ectus) avxilior(um) advtrm Aedtmontm oppressum btllo - GCN 407. Whether municipal status is implied by the grant of civitas romana is controversial; for this and for possible federated status of Volubilis, Gascou 1982 (e 758) 148-9.
[732] Romanelli 1959 (e 760) 260; cf. Dio Lx.24.5. Dio lx.8-9; Pliny, HN v.i 1-15.
54 Aur. Vict. 4.2; Suet. Galba 7-8; cf. Tac. Hist. 1.49; Dio Lx.9.6; Plut. Galba y,AE 1966,595. The
history of 'national consciousness' and 'permanent insurrection' in Roman Africa is discussed by Benseddik 1982 (e 716) 145-62. » Gascou 1982 (e 738) 145-J8, Mackie 1983 (e 753).
[735] Chevallier 1958 (e 724) and Atlas des centuriations romainesde Tunisie (Paris, 1954). Dilke 1971 (a 21) 151-8.
[736] Republican taxes are discussed in САН ix2 585-9. Augustan edict on veterans - EJ2 302. Gaetulians - discussed below, p. 608.
[737] mancupes — EJ2 191. civitates stipendiariae etc., - AE 1963, 96; App. Pun. 68; cf. ILS 9482 recording pagi Muxsi, Cususiet Zeugei.E)2 3; j refers to civitates stipendiariae in a pagus which seems to be called Gur^enses and it contains the names of three places, one of which is Uzita known by Julius Caesar as an oppidum near Hadrumetum (BAfr. 41) while Gurza was a civitas later in the same locality. CIL viii 2 3 j99 records a prefect of sixty-two civitates at Mactar in a later period. All are discussed by Picard 1966 (e 758). Phileros - EJ2 330; he had served the governor T. Sextius c. 43-40 b.c.
[738] The evidence is now well collected by Gascou 1972 (e 735) and 1982 (e 738).
[739] The complex difficulties are discussed by Teutsch 1962 (e 763). See also Brant 1971 (a 9) App. 4-
[740] Thompson and Ferguson 1969 (e 767) 13 2-81; modified by Lassere 1977 (e 749) 152—3.