[1119] Cf. Hubbard 1974 (в 89л) io-ii, 70-81.
[1120] See R. G. Austin's note ad loc, in his edition of Aen. vi (1977).
[1121] G. B. Townend, in Laurea Corona (1987) 84-8.
[1122] E.g. Otis 196} (в I5JA) 129, 228, etc.
[1123] Few can have rivalled the elder Seneca, who wrote down extensive passages from declamations he had listened to. There is no reason to suppose that he made use of shorthand reports, although both Greek and Latin systems existed by that date.
[1124] Kenney in Kenney and Clausen 1982 (в 95) 24-5. 29 Highet 1954 (в 84л) 186-7.
[1125] T. Dohrn, Der Arringatore (Berlin 1968); M. Cristofani, Bron^i Etrusebi I. La plastica vot 'wa (Novara, 198;) no. 129.
[1126] L. Giuliani, Bildnisund Botsebaft (Frankfurt am Main, 1986). 6 Zanker 1975 (p 627).
7 M. Hofter, in Kaiser Augustus 1988 (f 443) no. 130,pp. 5i5f.
• The documentation is splendidly collected by Beyen 1938-60 (p 271). The highest urban level is
that of the House of Augustus: Carettoni 1983 (f 316); also Barbet 1985 (f 262).
[1130] P. Gros, G. Sauron, in Kaiser Augustus 1988 (p 443) 48ff. F. Coarelli, ibid (1988 (p 443)) 68ff.
Bastet and de Vos 1979 (p 265).
Kaiser Augustus 1988 (f 443) passim, reviews the decoration of the principal Augustan
[1133] This pediment, like others of the second century B.C. (Rome, in the Via Latina; Luni; Volterra, etc.) needs reconsideration. See meanwhile, M. J. Strazzulla in M. Martelli, M. Cristofani, eds., i caratteri dtlf tllenismo пеШ кпи etnacbe (Florence, 1977) 4iff.
[1134] On these ateliers, in addition to works cited in n. i, sec G. Becatti, 7 (1940) jS\ M. Torelli, MAAR 36 (1980) 313ff; id. Science delt Anticbita г (1988) 403?.
14 Clay proplasmata intended to serve as models for moulds for bronze sculptures have been discovered by M. A. Tomei (ArcbeeUgia labiate 7 (1987) 73f, fig. 6) in the excavation of the Domus Tiberiana. These may be set beside the fragments of plaster casts of the Tyrannicides of Critios and Nesiotes discovered at Baiae with the well-known copy of the Sosandra (C. Landwehr, Die antiken Gipsabffisse aus Baiae (1985)), in order to show the very close link between imperial residences and artisan activity in the replication and collage of works of art.
[1135] E. La Rocca, in Kaiser Augustus 1988 (f 443) 12 iff; A. Viscogliosi, ibid. 136ff.
[1136] See the partial collections of K. Fuchs, Die Vorbilder der neuattiseben Relief 1 (Tubingen, 195 j) and H. V. Cain, Romiscbe MarmorkandeUber (Mainz, 1985). Still worth consulting are the pages of E. Pernice, Die Hellenistiscbe Kunst in Pompeji iv-vi (Berlin, 1925-38), with J. Marcade, Au Musee de Dibs. Ĥtude sur la sculpture bellenistique en ronde-bosse dicouverte dans file (Paris, 1969). On sculpture in generaclass="underline" N. Himmelmann, Vber Hirten - Genre in der antiken Kunst (Opladen, 1980), and H. P. Laubscher, Fiscber und Landleute (Mainz, 1982).
[1137] Zanker 1974 (f 628); Bieber 1977 (f 283); Martin 1987 (f495); id. in Kaiser Augustus 1988 (f443)
2j iff, 343ff. 33 Zanker 1974 (f 628) 8iff.
[1138] Cic. Fam. vii.25; Att. 1.4.j; 5.7; 6.2; 7; 8.2; 9.2; 10.5; 11.3. 35 Cf. n. 16 above.
G. Traversari, Museo Archtologico Hi Venecia 1. I ritratti (Rome, 1986) 29, no. 13.
Zevi 1976 (e 142) 56ff, fig. 15.
[1141] On the relationship between painting and royal architecture: Engemann 1967 (f 559); and K. Fittschen, in Zanker 1976 (e 141) 5 jgff.
[1142] Carettoni 1983 (f 316); Carettoni, in Kaiser Augustus 1988 (f 443) no. 135, 287Й".
[1143] Bragantini and de Vos 1982 (f 297).
[1144] On these works of Tiberius and Livia: Torelli 1982 (f 596) 6;ff.
[1145] Full bibliography in Hanlein-Schafer 1985 (f408); also, Le cultt des souverains dans Г empire romain
(Geneva, 1973); and Price 1984 (f199). 66 ae 1978, 295.
[1147] T Holscher, in Kaiser Augustus 1988 (f 443) no. 224, 396ff.
[1148] A. Viscogliosi, 1988 (f443) nos. 31-42, i44ff.
[1149] W. Ehrhardt, Stilgesebicbtiicbe, 8;ff.
[1150] On this historical unity: M. Torelli, in Kaiser Augustus 1988 (f 443) 2jff.
я This development is well illustrated by the collective taste for funerary monuments with a doric frieze: Torelli 1969 (e 129).
74 The definition is that of R. Bianchi Bandinelli, in DArcb 1 (1967) yS= DaltEUenismo at Mcdioevo (Rome, 1978) 3 jff (in which version the author adds an Introduction, pp. jff, with further definition of the concept).
[1153] M. Torelli, Index 13 (1985) ^ЦЯ.
[1154] The only completely preserved formula from an actual Roman trial runs, in part: 'The issue in this trial will be a formal promise (sponsio). Let C. Blossius Celadus be the index. If it appears that C. Marcius Saturninus ought to pay 6,000 sesterces to C. Sulpicius Cinnamus, which is the issue here, let C. Blossius Celadus the iudex condemn C. Marcius Saturninus for 6,000 sesterces to C. Sulpicius Cinnamus; if it does not appear, let him absolve him ..." This claim for a specified sum of money (a condictid) was granted by a duumvir at Puteoli in a.d. 5 2; it illustrates the structure of a typical formula. See Bove 1979 (в 212) 97-111.