Crazy Woman Creek, 182
Cree Indians, 4, 63, 70, 130
Croghan, Col. George, quoted, 76
Crook, Gen. George, 186
Crow Indians, 4, 52, 57, 82, 145, 157
— Blackfoot wars of, 114, 115
— fur trade and, 94, 95, 120, 189, 202
— police of, 87
— Sioux War and, 168
Cuba, 55, 98
culture:
— buffalo importance in, 49–52, 65–66, 68, 80–87, 208, 210
— horse introduction and, 3–4, 36–37, 38, 40, 42–47, 52, 53–57, 80-81
— métis, 128-132
— nomadic, 4, 5, 18–19, 20, 21, 42, 49–50, 52, 53, 56–57, 61, 63–64, 65–66, 68, 81, 82–83, 107 (illus.), 121, 125, 167
— prehistoric, 11–12, 15, 17, 18, 27, 78
— Woodland, 5, 47, 52, 59–64, 82
Cumberland Gap, 74, 75, 76
Curtis, Gen. S. R., quoted, 169-170
Custer, Lieut.-Col. George A., 62, 183–184, 185, 186-187
Custer City, South Dakota, 185
Custer State Park, South Dakota, 226
Cypress Hills, Canada, 132, 203
Dakotas, the, 5, 42, 108, 142, 173, 201, 206, 207
— buffalo parks, 226
— railroads, 33, 184, 185, 202, 203
— Sioux in, 4, 63, 82, 159, 185, 204
— smallpox in, 121
— dances, 15, 47, 70, 82–84, 85
— Ghost Dance, 209-212
darts, 11, 12, 24-25
Dearborn River, 220
deer, 18, 20, 59, 77, 89
Deer Lodge Pass, Montana, 14, 31
Delaware, 74
Denver, Colorado, 169, 174
De Soto, Hernando, 37
Dickinson, North Dakota, 203, 204
Dodge, Col. G. M., 149
Dodge, Col. Richard Irving, quoted, 200
Dodge City, Kansas, 190, 196, 197, 199, 221
dogs, 42, 126, 127, 146
— pack work, 18, 20, 48, 49–50, 51
dog soldiers (police), 47, 82, 84-87
drinking vessels, 49
Drips, Andrew, 114
Duck Lake, Canada, 133
Durango, Mexico, 154
Du Tisne, Charles C., 41
eagle feathers, 1, 80, 81, 83
Eaton, Howard, 222
elk, 77, 89, 206, 226
Ellsworth, Kansas, 176
Erie Indians, 70
Europe (see also specific countries), 7, 36, 82, 188
Evans, John, 169
exploration (see also settlement), 89-97
Falls of St. Anthony, 74, 85, 90
Fetterman, Capt. W. J., 182
Filson, John, quoted, 77-78
fire, 17, 20, 49, 204
— in hunting, 3, 10, 11, 19–20, 23, 70, 72 (illus.), 76, 91-92
fishing, 5, 59, 61, 62, 167
— sturgeon, 126
Fitzpatrick, Thomas, 114, 145
Flathead Indians, 5, 40, 185
— Blackfeet and, 70, 71, 114, 120–121, 158
— buffalo breeding and, 220, 222, 224, 225
Fletcher, Ellen Gordon, quoted, 181
Florida, 74
fodder, see pastureland
Folsom, New Mexico, 12
food (see also agriculture; meat):
— cooking, 17, 27, 49, 92-93
— Indian diet, 5, 18, 49, 51, 59, 169
— Indian wagon raids for, 138, 139, 140, 143, 153, 181-182
— supplies, 3, 6, 19, 20, 21, 42, 43, 46, 47, 54, 61, 63, 66, 86, 210
— trading post requirements, 125-127
— forests, 6, 10, 36, 76, 82
— buffalo and, 31, 66, 73–74, 123
Fort Abraham Lincoln, 184, 186
Fort Atkinson, Kansas, 153
Fort Benton, 110, 158, 180, 202, 203
Fort Cass, 110
Fort C. F. Smith, 182
Fort Fetterman, 186
Fort Garry, 130, 132
Fort Hall, Idaho, 180
Fort Hays, 189
Fort Kearney, 137, 143, 160
Fort Laramie, 143, 146, 180
— Treaty (1851), 145, 147, 153, 158, 168
— Treaty (1866), 181, 182
Fort Leavenworth, 146
Fort Lyons, 169, 170
Fort McKenzie, 110, 115, 116, 119-120
Fort Phil Kearney, 182
Fort Pierre, 119, 121
Fort Reno, 182
Fort Shaw, 203
Fort Snelling, 129, 167
Fort Union, 110, 113, 189, 202, 219
— smallpox at, 119, 120
Fort Wallace, 175, 178
Fort Worth, Texas, 199
fossils, 7, 11, 12, 18, 37
Fox Indians, 79, 167
France, 90, 99, 130
Frémont, John Charles, quoted, 135–136, 141-142
French, 36, 41, 62, 98-99
— trade, 52, 60, 63, 70, 90, 123, 124, 130
French and Indian Wars, 124
— fur trade, 71, 90, 94–97, 108–117, 188–191, 202-203
— Canadian, 123–128, 204
— Comanches and, 151
— New Mexican, 101
— Oregon Trail and, 134-136
— smallpox and, 118-121
— wolves and, 200-201
Gallatin, Albert, 214
Gallatin watershed, 14, 94
Garden City, Kansas, 220, 221
Georgia, 32, 74, 75
Germany, 189-190
Ghost Dancers, 209–210, 211-212
— giant sloth, 10, 11
Gibbon, Col. John, 186, 187
Glacier National Park, 65
— gold, 5, 106, 114, 160
— Black Hills strike, 185
— Colorado rush (1858), 160–164, 168
— Montana rush, 180
— Oregon Trail and, 136, 143–144, 153
Goodnight, Charles, 214–215, 221, 223
Gordon, Capt. Harry, quoted, 76-77
Gore, St. George, 146–147, 181
Grand Junction, Colorado, 32
Grand Portage, Canada, 123, 124, 125
Grant, Ulysses S., 196, 205
grasslands, see pasturelands
Great Britain, 90, 99, 108, 124, 190
— buffalo in, 214
Great Falls, Montana, 69
Great Plains, 12–13, 30–31, 73, 156, 159, 172-174
— ice age and, 7, 10, 11
— Indian life on, 2, 3–4, 18–24, 41, 51, 65
— Louisiana Purchase and, 79, 89
— white settlement of, 5–6, 36
Great Salt Lake, 32, 156
Great Slave Lake, Canada, 226
Greeley, Horace, quoted, 162, 164, 219
Green River, 96, 109, 137
Gregg, Josiah, 106; quoted, 102–103, 104, 105
Gros Ventre Indians, 145, 189, 202, 204
— trade routes and, 106, 114-115
Gulf of Mexico, 11, 32, 36, 89
guns, 54, 56, 63, 150, 151
— Blackfeet and, 70, 71, 121
— breechloader, 183
— ghost shirts and, 209, 212
— hunting with, 6, 13, 157, 174–177, 183, 191–193, 195, 197, 198, 205
— Iroquois and, 79
— Osages and, 52, 60, 153
hair (buffalo), 2, 27, 28, 29, 30, 129, 165 (illus.)
Harney Lake, Oregon, 32
Harrison, William Henry, 79
Harvard University, 2
Havana, Cuba, 98
Hays City, Kansas, 174, 175, 176
— Mooar in, 189, 190
Haystack Butte, Montana, 220
Heavy Runner (Blackfoot Chief), 203
Helena, Montana, 180
Hell's Gate, Montana, 220
Henderson, Mr., quoted, 77
Hennepin, Louis, quoted, 85
Henry, Alexander, 125, 141
— quoted, 126, 127–128, 130
Henry, Andrew, 96, 109
Hidatsa Indians, 63, 82, 119, 121, 189
— buffalo dance of, 84
horn (buffalo), 2, 27, 28, 29
Hornaday, William T., 206-207
Horse Plains, Montana, 31
horses, 27, 36–47, 70, 184
— Comanches and, 52, 53–56, 61, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154, 197
— gear for, 1, 27, 38, 43–44, 61, 80, 82
— in hunting, 1, 3, 4, 5, 13, 25, 37, 38, 42–47, 58 (illus.), 60, 63, 64, 88 (illus.), 111–112, 113, 131, 146, 157, 174, 191, 194, 205
— prehistoric, 10, 11, 18, 37
— ranch work of, 38–40, 218, 219, 223
— runaway, 141–142, 143
— theft of, 39, 40–41, 43, 47, 53, 56, 94, 106, 109, 137, 138, 154, 155, 168–169, 197