housing, 4, 19, 40, 51, 59
— communal, 85
— lodge covers, 26-27
— prehistoric, 17, 18, 20, 22
— settler, 76
— Sioux, 62, 63, 93
— sun dance lodge, 83
— tipis, 4, 19, 42, 43, 46, 48, 49, 50, 57, 61, 93
Hudson Bay, 123, 124, 128
Hudson River, 79
Hudson's Bay Company, 32, 85, 110, 115, 124
— Red River Valley and, 128, 129, 130
Huguenots, 74, 214
Hunkpapa Sioux, 63, 82, 186
Hunt, Wilson Price, 96, 97
hunting, 1–5, 14–15, 37, 42–46, 156
— Apache, 50, 51
— Blackfoot, 66–70, 71, 84, 85–86, 110, 157-159
— Comanche, 55, 56, 151–155, 196-197
— decoys in, 92
— fur trade and, 90–91, 110, 114, 115, 117, 125–128, 130
— Gore expedition (1854), 145–147, 181
— laws on, 47, 82, 84–86, 91, 122 (illus.), 205, 206, 223
— leather trade and, 189–191, 204, 205, 219, 221
— métis methods, 131-132
— Osage, 59, 60
— prehistoric, 7, 10, 11–12, 17, 18–27, 78
— railroads and, 174–177, 191
— settlers and, 6, 13, 33, 38, 75, 77–78, 79, 111–113, 129, 151
— Sioux, 2, 62–63, 70, 93, 121, 167–168, 186, 204
— souvenir, 205-207
— "stand" method, 122 (illus.), 191–193, 194, 195, 203
— U.S. Army authority over, 153, 205, 206
— wagon trains and, 101, 103–104, 137, 141, 142–143, 144, 161, 162-163
— wolf, 200-201
Huron Indians, 79
Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d', 214
ice age, 3, 7, 10, 11
ice hunting, x (illus.), 23–24, 66, 91
Idaho, 31, 52, 114, 157, 180
Illinois, 11, 12, 74, 98
Illinois Indians, 79
Independence, Missouri, 102
Indiana, 11, 12, 74, 79
Indian Reservations, 54, 155, 166, 185
— Cheyenne, 168, 183
— Flathead, 219, 220, 222, 224
— Pawnee, 159-160
— Sioux, 203, 204, 210
Indians (see also specific groups), 1–6, 13, 14–15, 40, 78–79, 188
— buffalo ceremonials of, 15, 68, 83-84
— buffalo uses, 25–27, 28, 37, 42–43, 44, 46, 49–51, 205
— hunting expeditions of, 18–25, 42–46, 66–70, 191, 204
Indians (cont.)
— métis, 128-133
— railroads and, 176, 202, 203
— wagon trains and, 104–106, 137–141, 143, 144–147, 152, 153, 163–164, 168, 169, 181–182, 197
Indian Territory, 152, 154, 159–160, 173
Iowa, 18, 64, 79
Iowa Indians, 62, 64, 82
Iroquois, 79
James River, 74, 214
Jefferson, Thomas, 79, 89
Jicarilla Apaches, 55
Jones, Col. Charles Jesse "Buffalo," 214, 220, 221-222
Jones, Charlie, 219
Judith River, 92, 119, 121, 132, 157, 204
— Blackfoot Treaty (1855), 158-159
Kalispell, Montana, 222
Kane, Paul, quoted, 126-127
Kansas, 4, 5, 18, 50, 79, 142, 168, 201
— Army Department of, 169
— cattalo breeding in, 214, 220, 221
— horses in, 37, 42, 53
— leather trade and, 189, 190–191, 196, 203, 219
— railroads, 6, 174–176, 189, 190, 202
— slavery and, 159, 160
— Texas cattle drives and, 173
Kansas City (Westport), Missouri, 136, 160, 174, 189, 190
Kansas City
— Journal of Commerce (newspaper), 161-162
Kansas Indians, 61, 62, 64, 99, 137
— toll bridges of, 140–141, 164
Kansas and Pacific Railroad, 6, 174–176, 190
Kansas River, 100, 137, 140, 160, 161
Kaw Indians, see Kansas Indians
Kelly, "Yellowstone," 203
Kenton, Simon, quoted, 77
Kentucky, 10, 12, 74, 75, 76, 77-78
— breeding buffalo in, 214
Kickapoo Indians, 79
Kiowa Indians, 52, 116, 164, 169, 170
Kip, Lt. Lawrence, quoted, 80-81
Kutenai Indians, 71
Lake Erie, 32, 79
Lake Michigan, 32
Lake Ontario, 32
Lake Superior, 123, 125
Lake Winnipeg, 123, 124, 128
LaLond, Batiste, 99
Lamar River, 224, 226
lances, 43, 44–45, 191
land, 6, 78–79, 137, 138, 202
— Blackfoot, 65, 66, 69, 71, 96, 110, 113, 114, 120, 157–159, 188, 203, 220
— Comanche, 52, 54–57, 151–155, 170–171, 196-197
— Fort Atkinson Treaty on, 153-154
— Fort Laramie Treaty on, 145, 147, 153, 158, 168
— métis rights, 133
— Osage, 59-61
— Sioux, 4, 62–63, 93, 167–168, 180–187, 204
— Spanish claims, 98-99
— toll bridges and, 140–141, 164
Laramie's Fork, Wyoming, 135
LaSalle, Robert Cavalier, Sieur de, 55
leather, 188–199, 203, 204, 205, 206
— calfskin, 22, 26, 28, 219
— rawhide, 27, 44
— tanning, 6, 21, 26–27, 46, 49, 50, 59, 61, 107 (illus.), 115, 129, 188, 189–190, 196
Leavenworth, Col. Henry, 109
Leavenworth, Kansas, 161, 162, 190
Lewis, Meriwether, 90–94, 95, 96, 116;
— quoted, 86
Lexington, Kentucky, 214
Licking River, 77
Lincoln, Abraham, 167
Lisa, Manuel, 94, 95, 108, 114
Little Belt Mountains, 204, 205
Little Bighorn River, 186–187, 211
Little Chief (Sioux), 167
Louisiana, 90, 98, 214
— purchase of, 79, 89, 99-100
McDonnell, John, 24
McKay, Tonka Jim, 220
Mackenzie, Charles, quoted, 23-24
McKenzie, Kenneth, 110, 111-113
Mackenzie River and Valley, 65
mackinaw boats, 116, 124, 135
Madison River, 31, 95, 96
Malgares, Facundo, 99, 100
Mallett, Pierre and Paul, 98
mammoth, 7
Mandan Indians, 42, 61, 63, 82, 184
— buffalo ceremony of, 83-84
— Lewis and Clark and, 90, 91
— police of, 87
— smallpox and, 119, 121
Manitoba, Canada, 82, 220, 222
Marias Pass, 70, 71, 93
Marias River, 71, 93, 109, 110, 120
Baker massacre on, 203
Marquette, Pierre, 59
Maryland, 74
Marysville, Kansas, 161
mastodon, 10, 11
Mayer, Frank, 33
meat (see also hunting), 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 28
— average buffalo yield, 30, 42–43, 132
— breeding for, 214, 215, 221
— butchering, 18, 25–26, 49, 67, 69, 88 (illus.), 127, 189, 191, 193-194
— Canadian storage pits, 126-127
— drowned, 24, 91
— drying, 20, 21, 25, 42, 46, 49, 57, 69, 104, 107 (illus.), 141
— government ration to Indians, 210
— markets, 189, 194-195
— pudding, 92-93
— for railroad crews, 174-175
— Stuart on, 96-97
— summertime, 19, 21-22
— tongue, 117, 127, 135, 175, 189, 193, 194
Medicine Lodge Creek Treaty (1867), 183, 196
Menominee Indians, 167
métis, 128–129, 130-133
Mexico, 52, 98, 99, 106
— bison of, 3, 12
— Comanche raids in, 4, 154-155
— independence, 101, 104
— Pike in, 100
— Spanish conquest, 28–29, 37, 40, 55, 118
Mexico City, Mexico, 40, 101, 118
Meyer, Fred, 194
Miami Indians, 79
Michigan, 32, 74, 79
migration:
— Asiatic, 3, 7, 11, 17–18, 24, 25, 52, 62, 65
— Athapascan, 51
— buffalo, 10, 12–13, 14–15, 28, 73–74, 150, 163
— Miles, Gen. Nelson A., 211
— Miles City, Montana, 203, 204, 207
milk (buffalo), 30
Miller, A. J., paintings, 35 (illus.), 58 (illus.), 88 (illus.), 107 (illus.)