Seduction novels, 7, 12, 219; early American, 15 -19; nineteenth century, 110
Seeger, Alan, 318
Segregation, racial, 411 -12, 430
Selby, Hubert, Last Exit to Brooklyn, 492
Self: American, early creation, 30; caricature of, 81; construction of, 29; creation of, by Franklin, 36; destruction of, Poe and, 82; female, domesticity and, 121 -23; gothic novels and, 22–23; James's view, 164 -67; reform of, Emerson's views, 130 31
Self-control, slavery and, abolitionist views, 141
Self-exploitation, 682
Self-reliance, nineteenth-century views, 123
Self-sacrifice, female: Canadian theme, 568; Howells and, 182 -83, 186
Selvon, Sam, 587, 589, 594, 596, 600 601; A Brighter Sun, 600; The Lonely Londoners, 596, 601; Moses Ascending, 596, 601; Moses Migrating, 596, 601; Turn Again Tiger, 600
Seneca Falls, women's rights convention, 143, 218
Sensational novels, nineteenth century, 57
Sensation fiction, female, 110
Sentimental novels: early American, 1519; dime novels and, 295; nineteenth century, 52, 56, 60, 110, 219; reform movements and, 222; story papers, 289 -90
Serialized fiction: in magazines, 303; in story papers, 291
"Serious" fiction, 696
Setting, in Gass's fiction, 740 -41
Settlement, Western, novels of, 437 -38
Seventeenth-century writings: autobiographical, 29–31; captivity narratives, 32 -33
Sewall, Samuel, Diary, 31
Sex, in Western novels, 440
Sexes, moral difference between, domestic ideology and, 124 -26
Sexism, in postmodern fiction, 698
Sexuality, 542 -43; early realists and, 188; gay, and gender, 551; James and, 163; literary treatments, postWorld War II, 501 -2
— female: Lesbianism and, 279; Le Sueur and, 351; post-World War II, 506
Sexual power, James and, 164-65
Sexual tyranny, slave narrative and, 41–42
— 895-
Shakers, 133
Shakespeare and Company (bookstore), 312, 321
Shame, Wright and, 432
Shand, Hubert, White and Black, 420
Sheer, Steven C., 72
Shelley, Mary, 361
Sheperd, Thomas, autobiography, 26
Shinebourne, Janice, 605 Shipboard life, reform of, 149
Short, Luke, Rimrock, 440
Short stories: avant-garde, 720 -21, 744, 745 -46; postmodern, 535 -36
Shuffle Along (musical revue), 411
Shulman, Max, Rally Round the Flag, Boys! 507
Sigourney, Lydia Huntley, 807; Letters to Mothers, 126
Silko, Leslie Marmon, 457, 807; Ceremony, 456; Storyteller, 457
Simmel, Georg: "How Is Society Possible?" 199; The Philosophy of Money, 212
Simms, William Gilmore, 51, 55, 73, 807- 8; Woodcraft, 145 -46; The Yemassee, preface to, 73
Simpson, Mona, Anywhere but Here, 466
Simulation, 483 -84
Sinclair, Bertha Muzzy. See Bower, B. M.
Sinclair, Upton, 335, 808; The Jungle, 226, 236 -38, 471
Singer, Isaac Bashevis, 808; Enemies: A Love Story, 498; The Family Moskat, 498
Sisterhood of Reforms, 132
Sisterhood of women, and slavery, 153
škvorecký, Josef, 574
Sky, Gino, Appaloosa Rising, 450
Slave narratives, 55–56; autobiographical, 37 -41; Native Americans and, 45
Slave revolts, fictional accounts, 151
Slavery: African American writers and, 150 -53; domesticity and, 119; Du Bois and, 206; Emerson and, 130 31; Melville and, 150; post-Civil War views, 243 -46; reform movement, 218 -22; romanticization of, 244, 89 -109; Stowe's depiction, 144 -45; Warren and, 415 -16; women and, 142 -43
Slave women, status of, 153
Slesinger, Tess, 353 -54; "Missis Flinders," 354; Time: The Present, 353; The Unpossessed, 353-54
Small, Albion, 190, 193, 196, 201
Smedley, Agnes, 339; Daughter of Earth, 334 -39, 350
Smertenko, Johan, 388
Smith, Adam, 48 -49, 50, 70; Wealth of Nations, 47
Smith, Betty, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, 504
Smith, E. E., Skylark series, 361; The Skylark of Space, 361
Smith, Elizabeth Oakes, 809; Riches Without Wings, 120
Smith, Francis, Bertha Bascomb, the Sewing Machine Girl, 294
Smith, Gerrit, 142
Smith, Henry Nash, Virgin Land, 489
Smith, John, 30
Smith, Lillian, 411- 12, 426; Killers of the Dream, 424; Strange Fruit, 424
Smith, Ormond, 292, 357
Smith, Ray, Lord Nelson Tavern, 561
Snyder, Gary, 447
Snyder, Richard E., 686, 688
Social categories, 217
Social change, 509; Davis's views, 176; Du Bois and, 208 -10; formula fiction and, 378; and literature of environment, 505; Melville and, 193; mid-twentieth-century novel and, 489- 90; national literature and, 241; nineteenth century, 268 -69, 190; nineteenth-century realism and, 161; post-World War II, 494; proletarian fiction and, 333 -34, 336 -39; sentimental novels and, 219; story papers and, 291; Western fiction and, 366 -67; women writers and, 283. See also Social reform
Social class: Davis and, 174 -77; eighteenth-century views, 34; gender -896- and, 283 -84; psychoanalysis and, 487 Social controclass="underline" and vigilance, 197 -99; typecasting and, 194 -96
Social Darwinism, science fiction and, 362
Social determinism, and individualism, 193
Social evolution: contradictions, 202; Du Bois and, 206; James and, 200
Social injustice, Melville and, 67
Socialism, 333, 336 -37, 485 -86; Bellamy and, 229 -30; literary criticism and, 332
Socialist literature, 489
Socialist realism, Du Bois and, 210
Socialization of women, Hindu, 675
Social realism, late nineteenth century, 157 -59, 197–200
Social reform, 130 -54, 216; Emerson and, 130- 31; slave narratives and, 39 -41; women and, 236. See also Social change
Social reformers, observation of lower classes, 197
Social science: fiction and, 189 -215; immigrant experience, 382
Social scientific method, Stein and, 215
Social types, language of, 191
Social value: art and, 334 -35; in autobiography, 26; in Western fiction, 464
Social work for women, domestic ideology and, 125 -26
Society: and identity, 485–509; knowledge of, to sociologists, 191- 92; nineteenth century, influence of women, 115 -17, 124 -25; Western fiction and, 367 -68
— early American, 3 -5, 12 -14; Cooper and, 23–25; gothic novels and, 22; women's status, 16 -19
Sociological journalism, 381
Sociology, 189- 91
Solecki, Sam, 565
Sollers, Philippe, 700
Sollors, Werner, 380
Solotaroff, Ted, 686, 693; "The Publishing Culture and the Literary Culture," 694 -95
Sommer, Doris, 641
Sone, Monica, Nisei Daughter, 500
Sontag, Susan, 809
Sophistication, Barthelme and, 743
Sorensen, Virginia, 457 -58
Sorrentino, Gilbert, Mulligan Stew, 732
Southern Literary Messenger, 96
Southern states: literary culture, 54–55, 407; Poe and, 93; racial issues, 412 -14; regional writing, 414 -21; Twain and, 245 -46
Southern writers: African American, 430 -36; and race, 425 -31
Southey, Robert, 26
Southworth, E. D. E. N., 271, 282, 289 -90, 809- 10; The Hidden Hand, 110
Soviet Union, 343; influences on American writers, 333, 334- 35
Soyinka, Wole, 667; "Twice-Bitten: The Fate of Africa's Culture Producers," 668
Space travel, 361, 364 -65
Spanbauer, Tom, 461
Spanish-American War, 158, 248 -49
Spanish conquest, 622
Spector, Herman, 344
Spencer, Herbert, 206
Spengemann, William, 8
Spengler, Oswald, Decline of the West, 525
Spicer, Jack, 450
Spillane, Mickey: I, the Jury, 372; Vengeance Is Mine, 378
The Spirit of the Times, 55
Spiritual autobiography, 31–33; African American, 38–39; early American, 31–33