l W. G. Palgrave, article on “Arabia” in the Encyclopædia Britannica.
Chapter IV. Mohammed
b L. A. Sédillot, Histoire générale des Arabes.
c The Koran.
d E. Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
e Sir William Muir, The Life of Mahomet.
f Georg Weber, Weltgeschichte.
g Ibn Saad, Sirat or Biography of Mohammed.
Chapter V. The Spread of Islam
b S. Ockley, History of the Saracens.
c El-Makin, History of.
d Abulfeda, Life of Mohammed.
e Gustav Weil, Mohammed der Prophet, sein Leben und seine Lehre.
f W. C. Taylor, The History of Mohammedanism and its Sects.
g E. Gibbon, op. cit.
h Abul-Faraj, Dynasties.
i Eutychius, Annales.
j H. H. Milman, Notes to Gibbon’s Rome.
k al-Latif, Historiæ Ægypti, Compendium Arabice et Latini.
l Joseph White, Ægyptiaca.
m Makrizi, Histoire des Sultans Mamlouks de l’Égypte.
n Ibn Khaldun, History of the Beginnings of Nations.
o Haji Khalfa, Takwim al-Tawarikh (“Revision of History”).
q J. A. St. Martin, various articles.
r Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, History of the Assassins (translated from the German by O. C. Wood).
s A. L. Silvester de Sacy, various writings.
t F. A. Neale, Islamism.
Chapter VI. The Omayyads
b F. A. Neale, op. cit.
c Stanislas Guyard, article on “The Eastern Caliphate” in the Encyclopædia Britannica.
d G. Weber, op. cit.
Chapter VII. The Arabs in Europe
b “Ben-Hazil of Granada” in Bibliothèque Arabico-Hispanica.
c E. Gibbon, op. cit.
d S. A. Dunham, History of Spain and Portugal.
e R. Dozy, Essai sur l’histoire de l’Islamisme.
Chapter VIII. The Abbasids
b L. A. Sédillot, op. cit.
Chapter IX. The Decline of the Moslems in Spain
b Sampiro, Bishop of Astorga, in “Regno Ordonii II,” etc. (in Florez, España Sagrada).
c S. A. Dunham, op. cit.
d L. A. Sédillot, op. cit.
Chapter X. Arab Civilisation
b Simon Ockley, op. cit.
c R. Dozy, op. cit.
d Alexander von Humboldt, Cosmos.
e Girault de Prangey, Monuments Arabes et Mauresques.
f Eusebius of Cæsarea, Life of Constantine.
g L. A. Sédillot, op. cit.
j Hauréau, Philosophie scholastique.
k J. E. Montucla, Histoire des Mathématiques.
l J. S. Bailly, Histoire de l’astronomie.
m L. Viardot, Histoire des Arabes et des Maures d’Espagne.
n Kiesewetter, Die Musik der Araber.
PART XIII
THE HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES
AND OF THE PAPACY
BASED CHIEFLY UPON THE FOLLOWING AUTHORITIES
ABULFEDA, CHOISEUL D’AILLECOURT, BOHA AD-DIN, JAMES BRYCE,
WILLIAM DENTON, JOHN WM. DRAPER, EINHARD, EDWARD GIBBON,
J. C. L. GIESELER, HENRY HALLAM, HENRY C. LEA, J. F. MICHAUD,
CHARLES MILLS, H. H. MILMAN, J. L. VON MOSHEIM,
LEOPOLD VON RANKE, O. J. REICHEL,
GEOFFREY DE VILLEHARDOUIN
TOGETHER WITH A BRIEF STUDY OF
THE VALUE OF THE CRUSADES IN THE LIGHT OF
MODERN HISTORY
BY
THE REV. WILLIAM DENTON
WITH ADDITIONAL CITATIONS FROM
C. BARONIUS, PHILIPPE DE BEAUMANOIR, STEPHEN DE BOURBON, J. BURCARDUS,
P. A. BAMBINO, CIACCONIUS, F. B. CORBO, RICHARD DEVIZES, J. J. I.
DÖLLINGER, VICTOR DURUY, K. F. EICHORN, C. FLEURY, OTTO VON
FREISING, THOMAS FULLER, GREGORY OF TOURS, GREGORY THE
GREAT, RICHARD GARNETT, THOMAS GREENWOOD, G. W. F.
HEGEL, J. G. VON HERDER, IMAD AD-DIN, S.
INFESSIORA, INNOCENT THE THIRD, JEAN DE
JOINVILLE, A. JOURDAIN, CHARLES KINGSLEY, LIUTPRAND, ANSELMO DI
LUCCA, MAKRISI, MATTHEW OF PARIS, J. BASS MULLINGER, MURATORI,
GUIBERT DE NOGENT, B. PLATINA, MARTINUS POLONUS, ROGER OF
HOVEDEN, PAUL VON ROTH, MARIANUS SCOTUS, SIGEBERT
OF GEMBLOURS, CARL SPANNAGEL, HENRY STEBBING,
J. ADDINGTON SYMONDS, ANDREAS THIEL, GEOFFREY
DE VINSAUF, FR. WILKEN AND WILLIAM OF TYRE
Copyright, 1904,
By HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS.
All rights reserved.
THE HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES AND THE PAPACY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
BOOK I.—THE CRUSADES
Introductory Essay. The Value of the Crusades in the Light of Modern History. By the Rev. William Denton, M.A.
311
History in Outline of the Crusades
314
Chapter I. Origin of the Crusades
320
Chapter II. The First Crusade
338
Chapter III. The Second Crusade
358
Chapter IV. The Third Crusade
379
Chapter V. The Fourth to the Sixth Crusades
410
Chapter VI. The Last Crusades
431
Chapter VII. Consequences of the Crusades
467
Appendix A. Feudalism
481
Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters
502
BOOK II.—THE PAPACY
History in Outline of the Papacy
503
Chapter I. Origin and Rise of the Papacy
519
Chapter II. “The Night of the Papacy,” Charlemagne to Otto the Great
555
Chapter III. The High Noon of the Papacy
589