39. Sergei Averintsev, ‘Da ogradit bog nas ot prizrakov’, Literaturnaya gazeta, 25 September 1991, p. 15.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
CHAPTER FOUR
1. Remnick, Lenin’s Tomb, pp. 374–8.
2. Andrei Malgin, ‘Smotrite, kto ushel’, Stolitsa 4 (1993), pp. 6–12.
3. Yegor Yakovlev, ‘Razgovor s synom’, Moskovskie novosti, 8 September 1991, pp. 8–9.
4. Copetas, Bear Hunting with the Politburo, p. 79
5. Vladimir Yakovlev, interview with the author, September 2014.
6. The ‘hard sign’ (the 28th letter of the Russian alphabet), used at the end of words, was part of Russia’s pre-revolutionary orthography. It was abolished as part of the Bolshevik reforms in 1917–18.
7. Quoted in Copetas, Bear Hunting with the Politburo, p. 177.
8. Vladimir Yakovlev, interview with the author, September 2014.
9. Marietta Chudakova, ‘Pri nachale kontsa’, p. 547.
10. Maxim Sokolov, interview with the author, July 2013.
11. Maxim Sokolov, ‘Desiat’ let spustia’, Novoe lieraturnoe obozrenie 41 (2000), pp. 292–5 (p. 292).
12. Maxim Sokolov, ‘Slava Bogu Perestroika zakonchilas”, Kommersant, 19–26 August 1991, p. 1.
13. Pavel Astakhov, Dmitri Avkhimenko, ‘Budet ugol’, zerno i strashno dorogaia vodka’, Kommersant, 26 August–2 September 1991, p. 18.
14. Alexander Timofeevsky, ‘Puzyri zemli’, Stolitsa 46–47 (1991), p. 19.
15. Yegor Gaidar, Dni porazhenii i pobed (Moscow: Vagrius, 1996), p. 153.
16. Interview with Vladimir Yakovlev from a documentary by Leonid Parfenov: S tverdym znakom na kontse, Moscow, Studia Namedni, 2009.
17. Elena Nusinova, interview with the author, June 2013.
18. Vladimir Yakovlev, interview with the author, September 2014.
19. Copetas, Bear Hunting with the Politburo, p. 245.
20. Vladimir Yakovlev, interview with the author, September 2014.
21. Ibid.
22. Yuri Levada, Ot mnenii k ponimaniiu (Moscow: Moskovskaia shkola politicheskikh issledovanii, 2000), p. 18.
23. Quoted in Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Natalyia Gevorkyan, Tiurma i volia (Moscow: Howard Roark, 2012), p. 151.
24. Quoted in David E. Hoffman, The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia (New York: PublicAffairs, 2003), p. 230.
25. Andrew Higgins, ‘Insufficient Funds: How a Russian Banker Outfoxed Creditors to Rebuild an Empire’, Wall Street Journal, 4 October 2000, p. 1.
26. Quoted in Arkady Ostrovsky, ‘Father to the Oligarchs’, Financial Times Magazine, 13 November 2004, pp. 14–15.
27. Kommersant Daily, 6 October 1992.
28. The comparison between Pravda and Kommersant was made by Natalia Ivanova in Nostaliashchee (Moscow: Raduga, 2002), p. 14.
29. Ksenia Makhnenko, ‘Chto khoroshego?’, Kommersant Weekly 12, 19 October 1992, p. 1.
30. Opinion poll by VTsIOM, 1992.
31. Maxim Sokolov, ‘Tak kakuiu zhe voinu my proigrali?’, Oktiabr 4 (1992), pp. 165–72 (p. 171).
32. Natalia Narochitskaya, ‘Rossiia i Evropa’, Nash sovremennik, 12 (1993), pp. 94–113 (p. 101).
33. Igor Shafarevich, ‘Tretia oborona Sevastopolia’, Den’, 28 March–3 April 1993, p. 3.
34. Quoted in Alexander Yanov, Posle Yeltsina. Veimarskaia Rossiia (Moscow: Moskovskaya gorodskaya tipographiia Pushkina, 1995), http://www.lib.ru/POLITOLOG/yanow.txt
35. Alexander Yanov, ‘Istoriia odnogo otrecheniia. Pochemy v Rossii ne budet fashisma?’, Snob, 15 December 2011, http://snob.ru/selected/entry/44335#comment_437933
36. Igor Malashenko, interview with the author, September 2010.
37. Irina Petrovskaya, ‘Nam vsem dali poshchechinu. Konets romana s vlast’iu, Nezavisimaya gazeta, 28 November 1992, p. 3.
38. Viktor Anpilov, interview with the author, December 2014.
39. Viktor Anpilov, Nasha bor’ba. http://1993.sovnarkom.ru/KNIGI/ANPILOV/ogl.html
40. Vladimir Nadein, ‘Tol’ko soobshcha mozhno ostanovit’ programmu pogromov’, Izvestia, 19 June 1992, p. 1.
41. Natalia Gevorkyan, ‘Chto esli zamolchit Ostankino’, Moskovskie novosti, 21 June 1992, p. 8.
42. Boris Yeltsin, Zapiski prezidenta (Moscow: Rosspen, 2008), p. 286.
43. Alexander Yanov, ‘Istoriia odnogo otrecheniia’.
44. ‘Tsitata dnia’, Rossiyskaya gazeta, 13 August 1993, p. 1.
45. Alexander Nevzorov, interview with the author, January 2015.
46. Sergei Parkhomenko, ‘Partizanskaia respublika Belogo doma’, Segodnya, 2 October 1993, p. 2.
47. Veronika Kutsyllo, Zapiski iz Belogo doma: 21 September–4 October 1993 (Moscow: Kommersant, 1993), p. 40.
48. Interview with Sergei Parkhomenko from a film by Maria Slonim, Eto tiazhkoe bremia svobody, Internews, 2001.
49. Sergei Parkhomenko, interview with the author, July 2014.
50. Veronika Kutsyllo, Zapiski iz Belogo doma, p. 6.
51. Ibid., p.113.
52. Gaidar, Dni porazhenii i pobed, pp. 286–7.
53. Quoted in Mickiewicz, Changing Channels, p. 10.
54. Bruce Clark, An Empire’s New Clothes: The End of Russia’s Liberal Dream (London: Vintage, 1995).
55. Alexander Nevzorov, interview with the author, January 2015.
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid.
58. Ibid.
59. Gaidar, Dni porazhenii i pobed, p. 290.
60. Yeltsin, Zapiski prezidenta, p. 362.
61. Quoted in Aron, Yeltsin: A Revolutionary Life, p. 545.
62. Ibid., p. 549.
63. Yeltsin, Zapiski prezidenta, p. 362.
64. Gaidar, Dni porazhenii i pobed, p. 293.
65. Sergei Parkhomenko, ‘V nachale byl miatezh’, Segodnya, 7 October 1993, p. 2.
66. Alexander Nevzorov, interview with the author, January 2014.
67. Levada, Ot mnenii k ponimaniiu, pp. 29–30.
68. Alexander Nevzorov, interview with the author, January 2011.
69. Alexander Yakovlev, Omut pamiati, vol. 2, p. 152.
Part II
CHAPTER FIVE
1. Igor Malashenko, interview with the author, September 2010.
2. Ibid.
3. Evgeny Kiselev, interview with the author, May 2012.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Igor Malashenko, interview with the author, September 2010.
7. Evgeny Kiselev, interview with the author, May 2012.
8. Evgeny Kiselev, interview with the author, March 2013.
9. Vladimir Gusinsky, interview with the author, 2006.
10. Hoffman, The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia (New York: Public Affairs, 2003).