[5] Chambrier, i., p. 394.
[6] "Marie Antoinette, Louis XVI., et la Famille Royale," p. 147, December 24th, 1778.
[7] Garde-malades was the name given to them.
[8] "Du moment qu'ils [les enfants] peuvent etre a l'air on les y accoutume petit a petit, et ils finissent par y etre presque toujours; je crois que c'est la maniere la plus saine et la meilleure des les elever."
[9] Letter of Marie Antoinette to Maria Teresa, May 15th, 1779, Arneth, iii., p. 311.
[10] Maria Teresa had offered the mediation of the empire to restore peace between England and France.
[11] Spain had recently entered into the alliance against England in the hope of recovering Gibraltar. And just at the date of this letter the combined fleet of sixty-six sail of the line sailed into the Channel, while a French army of 50,000 men was waiting at St. Malo to invade England so soon as the British Channel fleet should have been defeated; but, though Sir Charles Hardy had only forty sail under his orders, D'Orvilliers and his Spanish colleague retreated before him, and at the beginning of September, from fear of the equinoctial gales, of which the queen here speaks with such alarm, retired to their own harbors, without even venturing to come to action with a foe of scarcely two-thirds of their own strength. See the author's "History of the British Navy," ch. xiv.
[12] Letter of September 15th.
[13] Letter of October 14th.
[14] Letter of November 16th.
[15] Letter of November 17th.
[16] Kaunitz had been the prime minister of the empress, who negotiated the alliances with France and Russia, which were the preparations for the Seven Years' War.
CHAPTER XV. [1] "On assure que sa majeste ne joue pas bien; ce que personne, excepte le roi, n'a ose lui dire. Au contraire, on l'applaudit a tout rompre."- Marie Antoinette, Louis XVI. et la Famille Royale p. 203, date September 28th, 1780.
[2] In May, 1780, Sir Henry Clinton took Charleston, with a great number of prisoners, a great quantity of stores and four hundred guns.-LORD STANHOPE'S History of England, ch. lxii.
[3] "Cette disposition a ete faite deux ans plutot que ne le comporte l'usage etabli pour les enfants de France."-Mercy to Maria Teresa, October 14th, Arneth, iii. p. 476.
[4] Madame de Campan, ch. ix.
[5] "Gustave III. et la Cour de France," i., p. 349.
[6] An order known as that "du Merite" had been recently distributed for foreign Protestant officers, whose religion prevented them from taking the oath required of the Knights of the Grand Order of St. Louis.
[7] "Sa figure et son air convenaient parfaitement a un heros de roman, mais non pas d'un roman francais; il n'en avait ni le brillant ni legerete."-Souvenirs et Portraits, par M. de Levis, p. 130.
[8] "La Marck et Mirabeau," p. 32.
[9] See his letter to Lord North proposing peace, date December 1st, 1780. Lord Stanhope's "History of England," vol. vii., Appendix, p. 13.
CHAPTER XVI. [1] "Gustave III. et la Cour de France," i., p. 357.
[2] Chambrier, i., p. 430; "Gustave III.," etc., i., p. 353.
[3] "Gustave III.," etc., i., p. 353.
[4] "Memoires de Weber," i., p. 50.
[5] "On s'arretait dans les rues, on se parlait sans se connaitre."- Madame de Campan, ch. ix.
[6] L'Oeil de Boeuf.
[7] Madame de Campan, ch. ix.; "Marie Antoinette, Louis XII., et la Famille Royale," p. 238.
[8] "Un soleil d'ete"-Weber, i., p. 53.
[9] La Muette derived its name from les mues of the deer who were reared there. It had been enlarged by the Regent d'Orleans, who gave it to his daughter, the Duchess de Berri; and it, was the frequent scene of the orgies of that infamous father and daughter, while more recently it had been known as the Parc aux Cerfs, under which title it had acquired a still more infamous reputation.
[10] "Apres le diner il y eut appartement jeu, et la fete fut terminee par un feu d'artifice."-Weber, i., p. 57, from whom the greater part of those details are taken. For the etiquette of the "jeu," see Madame de Campan, ch. ix., p. 17, and 2 ed. 1858.
CHAPTER XVII. [1] Mercy to Maria Teresa, June 18th, 1780, Arneth iii., p. 440.
[2] Le tabouret. See St. Simon.
[3] See infra, the queen's letter to Madame de Tourzel, date July 25th, 1789.
[4] "Souvenirs de Quarante Ans," by Mademoiselle de Tourzel, p. 20.
[5] "Filia dolorosa."-Chateaubriand.
[6] Napoleon, in 1814, called her the only man of her family.
[7] Madame de Campan, ch. x.
[8] Memoires de Madame d'Oberkirch, i., p. 279
[9] The Marshal Prince de Soubise, whose incapacity and cowardice caused the disgraceful rout of Rosbach, was the head of this family; his sister, Madame Marsan, as governess of the "children of France", had brought up Louis XVI.
[10] "Il [Rohan] a meme menace, si on ne veut pas prendre le bon chemin qui lui indique, que ma fille s'en ressentira."-Marie-Therese a Mercy, August 28th, 1774, Arneth, ii., p. 226.
[11] "Ils paraissent si excedes du grand monde et des fetes, qu'avec d'autres petites difficultes qui se sont elevees, nous avons decide qu'il n'y aurait rien a Marly."-Marie Antoinette to Mercy; Marie Antoinette, Joseph II., and Leopold II., p. 27.
[12] "No fewer than five actions were fought in 1782, and the spring of 1783, by those unwearied foes. De Suffrein's force was materially the stronger of the two; it consisted of ten sail of the line, one fifty-gun ship, and four frigates; while Sir E. Hughes had but eight sail of the line, a fifty-gun ship, and one frigate," See the author's "History of the British Navy," i., p. 400.
[13] Weber, i., p. 77. For the importance at this time attached to a reception at court, see Chateaubriand, "Memoires d'Outre-tombe," i., p. 221.
CHAPTER XVIII. [1] Joseph to Marie Antoinette, date September 9th, 1783.-Marie Antoinette, Joseph II., and Leopold II., p.30, which, to save such a lengthened reference, will hereafter be referred to as "Arneth."
[2] She was again expecting a confinement; but, as had happened between the birth of Madame Royale and that of the dauphin, an accident disappointed her hope, and her third child was not born till 1785.
[3] Date September 29th, 1783, Arneth, p. 35.
[4] Ministre de la maison du roi.
[5] Arneth, p. 38.
CHAPTER XIX. [1] "Le roi signa une lettre de cachet qui defendait cette representation."-Madame de Campan, ch. xi.; see the whole chapter. Madame de Campan's account of the queen's inclinations on the subject differs from that given by M. de Lomenie, in his "Beaumarchais et son Temps," but seems more to be relied on, as she had certainly better means of information.
[2] See M. Gaillard's report to the lieutenant of police.-Beaumarchais et son Temps, ii., p. 313.
[3] "Il n'y a que les petits hommes qui redoutent les petits ecrits."- Act v., scene 3.
[4] "Avec Goddam en, Angleterre on ne manque de rien nulle part. Voulez- vous tater un bon poulet gras ... Goddam ... Aimez-vous a boire un coup d'excellent Bourgogne ou de clairet? rien que celui-ci Goddam. Les Anglais a la verite ajoutent par-ci par-la autres mots en conversant, mais il est bien aise de voir que Goddam est le fond de la langue."-Act iii., scene 5.
[5] "Gustave III. et la Cour de France," ii., p.22
[6] Ibid., p. 35.
CHAPTER XX. [1] "De par la reine."
[2] Madame de Campan, ch. xi.
[3] "'La legerete a tout croire et a tout dire des souverains,' ecrit tres justement M. Nisard (Moniteur du 22 Janvier, 1886), 'est un des travers de notre pays, et comme le defaut de notre qualite de nation monarchique. C'est ce travers qui a tue Marie Antoinette par la main des furieux qui eurent peut-etre des honnetes gens pour complices. Sa mort devait rendre a jamais impossible en France la calomnie politique.'"-Chambrier, i., p. 494.