7 I am grateful to Jovan Howe for pointing out to me the importance of the amalgamation policy on rural traditions and conditions.
8 Filtzer, ‘Labour’, p. 122.
9 N. Barsukov (ed.), ‘N. S. Khrushchëv o proekte tret’ei programmy KPSS’, pp. 1–8.
10 F. Burlatskii, Vozhdi i sovetniki, p. 124.
11 SXXII, vol. 3, p. 119.
12 The Soviet Constitution of 1936 defined the USSR as ‘a state of the workers and peasants’.
13 SXXII, vol. 3, p. 303.
14 Ibid., p. 335.
15 V. E. Yesipov, ‘Povsednevnost’ ekonomiki Rossii’, p. 112.
16 IA, no. 3 (1993), pp. 117, 130–34.
17 Burlatskii, Vozhdi i sovetniki, p. 143.
18 V. Kozlov, The Peoples of the Soviet Union, pp. 37, 94–5.
19 IA, no. 1 (1992), pp. 48–9.
20 Kozlov, The Peoples of the Soviet Union, pp. 37, 94–5.
21 Ibid., p. 194.
22 J. Anderson, Religion, State and Politics in the Soviet Union and Successor States, p. 55.
23 B. Kerblay, Modern Soviet Society, p. 282.
24 Anderson, Religion, State and Politics, pp. 61–2.
25 Burlatskii, Vozhdi i sovetniki, p. 122.
26 R. Garthoff, Soviet Strategy in the Nuclear Age, p. 57.
27 N. S. Khrushchev, The Glasnost Tapes, p. 63.
28 N. S. Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, p. 419.
29 Khrushchev, The Glasnost Tapes, p. 177.
30 Nove, Economic History, p. 363.
19 Stabilization (1964–1970)
1 S. N. Khrushchev, Khrushchev on Khrushchev, ch. 2.
2 Neizvestnaya Rossiya, no. 1, p. 287 for the notes taken by A. N. Shelepin.
3 IA, no. 1 (1993), pp. 6–7.
4 Ibid., pp. 7–15.
5 F. Burlatskii, Vozhdi i sovetniki, p. 213; G. Arbatov, Svidetel’stvo sovremennika, p. 118; Neizvestnaya Rossiya, vol. 1, p. 286.
6 Burlatskii, Vozhdi i sovetniki, p. 220.
7 L. Alekseeva, Inakomyslie v SSSR, pp. 201–6.
8 See R. Medvedev, Lichnost i epokha. Politicheskii portret L. I. Brezhneva, p. 279.
9 Burlatskii, Vozhdi i sovetniki, p. 285.
10 VIKPSS, no. 4 (1991), p. 100.
11 Burlatskii, Vozhdi i sovetniki, p. 299.
12 See Arbatov, Svidetel’stvosovremennika, p. 120 for some hearsay evidence.
13 D. B. Diamond, L. W. Bettis and R. E. Ramsson, ‘Agricultural Production’, p. 145.
14 M. Weitzman, ‘Industrial Production’, p. 180.
15 R. Pikhoya, ‘Chekhoslovakia, 1968’, pp. 11, 14, 17.
16 Alekseeva, Inakomyslie, pp. 213–14.
17 P. J. S. Duncan, The Soviet Union and India, ch. 2.
18 B. Nahaylo and V. Swoboda, The Soviet Disunion, pp. 150–51.
19 Ibid., pp. 188–9.
20 Medvedev, Lichnost’ i epokha, p. 140.
PART FOUR
20 ‘Developed Socialism’ (1970–1982)
1 Moskovskie novosti, no. 10 (1990).
2 A. Nove, ‘Agriculture’, p. 171.
3 Ibid., p. 170.
4 M. S. Gorbachëv, Zhizn’ i reformy, vol. 1, pp. 195–7.
5 K. Wädekin, ‘Agriculture’, p. 119.
6 Vladimir Medvedev, Chelovek za spinoi, pp. 144, 149.
7 Ye. Chazov, Zdorov’e i vlast’, pp. 120–22.
8 R. Hill and P. Frank, The Soviet Communist Party, p. 150.
9 R. Medvedev, Lichnost’ i epokha, pp. 182–4.
10 A. B. Evans, Soviet Marxism-Leninism, pp. 105–6.
11 SXXIV, vol. 1, p. 55.
12 Konstitutsiya SSSR, p. 1.
13 S. Whitefield, Industrial Power and the Soviet State, ch. 3.
14 A. Nove, An Economic History, p. 377.
15 M. Matthews, Class and Society in Soviet Russia, p. 89.
16 Narodnoe khozyaistvo v 1980 g., p. 406.
17 S. Hedlund, Crisis in Soviet Agriculture, p. 173.
18 N. Grant, Soviet Education, p. 116.
19 J. Miller, ‘The Communist Party: Trends and Problems’, p. 6.
20 M. Galeotti, Afghanistan. The Soviet Union’s Last War, pp. 10–12.
21 Privilege and Alienation
1 Z. Medvedev, A Question of Madness.
2 A. D. Sakharov, Progress, Co-Existence and Intellectual Freedom.
3 R. Medvedev, On Socialist Democracy.
4 A. I. Solzhenitsyn, Letter to the Soviet Leaders.
5 G. Hosking, Beyond Socialist Realism. Soviet Fiction since Ivan Denisovich, ch. 3.
6 M. Friedberg, Russian Classics in Soviet Jackets, pp. 170–76.
7 I witnessed this in 1974 in the Leningrad Library of the Academy of Sciences.
8 See R. Hill and P. Frank, The Soviet Communist Party, p. 36.
9 Narodnoe khozyaistvo v 1990 g., p. 188.
10 M. Matthews, Class and Society in Soviet Russia, pp. 81–9.
11 S. White, Political Culture and Soviet Politics, p. 133.
12 I have yet to see a copy of this decree, but was informed about it in the Moscow bookshop (now a private video-shop: o tempora, o mores!) on Bogdan Khmelnitsii Street in 1989.
13 D. Lane, The End of Inequality?, pp. 104–6.
14 Calculated from V. Kozlov, The Peoples of the Soviet Union, pp. 94, 206.
15 I am grateful to Archie Brown for elucidating the Yakovlev affair.
16 Moskovskie novosti, nos. 8–9 (1990).
17 Hill and Frank, The Soviet Communist Party, p. 63.
18 W. E. Butler, ‘Techniques of Law Reform in the Soviet Union’, p. 210.
19 See D. Volkogonov, Lenin: politicheskii portret, vol. 2, pp. 399–401.
20 R. Medvedev, Lichnost’ i epokha, pp. 298, 300.
22 Towards Reform (1982–1985)
1 M. S. Gorbachëv, Zhizn’ i reformy, vol. 1, p. 148.
2 R. Medvedev, Gensek s Lubyanki, p. 13.
3 F. Burlatskii, Vozhdi i sovetniki, p. 35.
4 G. Arbatov, Svidetel’stvo sovremennika, p. 139.
5 Gorbachëv, Zhizn’ i reformy, vol. 1, p. 189.
6 R. Medvedev, Gensek, p. 132.
7 I. S. Klemashev, Andropov’s doctor, records this in Fenomen Andropova, p. 20.
8 Yu. V. Andropov, ‘Uchenie Karla Marksa i nekotorye voprosy sotsialisticheskogo stroitel’stva’, Kommunist, no. 3 (1983).