325. Lysenko, The Situation in Biological Science, pp. 602–603.
326. Kremenetsov, Stalinist Science, p. 304; Kolchinsky, V poiskakh, p. 56.
327. Soyfer, Lysenko, pp. 122–123; Kolchinsky, V poiskakh, pp. 58–59, 178–180.
328. Ryzhkova, E. V., “Akademik Isai Izrailevich Prezent,” Vestnik Leningradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta 10 (1948): 98–101 (in Russian).
329. Kolchinsky, V poiskakh, p. 202.
330. Medvedev, The Rise and Fall, pp. 10–11; Weiner, Douglas R., Models of Nature: Ecology, Conservation, and Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), pp. 124, 132–133, 270; Soyfer, Lysenko, pp. 62–63.
331. Soyfer, Lysenko, p. 63.
332. Kolchinsky, V poiskakh, pp. 204–205.
333. Nechaeva, N. T., and V. V. Stanchinsky, Jr., “Pervyi ekolog strany” [The first Russian ecologist], Priroda 12 (1991): 90–95 (in Russian). This reserve was organized in 1898 by Fridrich Fal’ts-Fein on his estate (Weiner, Models of Nature, p. 17).
334. For details of Vladimir Stanchinsky’s biography, see Weiner, Models of Nature, pp. 79–82; Nechaeva, N. T., and V. S. Shishkin, “V poiskakh estestvennykh system (nauchnoe nasledie V. V. Stanchinskogo” [In the search of natural systems (the scientific heritage of V. V. Stanchinsky)], Voprosy Istorii Estestvoznaniya i Tekhniki 2 (1994): 87–97 (in Russian).
335. Nechaeva and Shishkin, “Pervyi ekolog strany.”
336. Kolchinsky, V poiskakh, pp. 205–206.
337. Joravsky, The Lysenko Affair, pp. 92–93, 238–240.
338. Soyfer, Lysenko, p. 64.
339. Joravsky, The Lysenko Affair, p. 120. According to the scholar Valery Soyfer, in 1937 Prezent was arrested for seducing a minor. After the intervention of Lysenko, Prezent was released and continued his attacks on the hated “Mendelists-Morganists,” including Professor Koltsov and Academician Vavilov (Soyfer, Lysenko, p. 64).
340. Ginetsinskaya, T. A., “Biofak Leningradskogo Universiteta posle sessii VASKhNIL” [The biology faculty of Leningrad University after the VASKhNIL session], in Yaroshevskii, Repressirovannaya Nauka, pp. 114–125.
341. Schnol, Geroi i zlodei, p. 321.
342. This is not a rumor. One of my father’s pupils, M. V., currently academician and director of a big institute within the academy, told me that he accompanied his female classmates to Prezent’s apartment several times.
343. Schnol, Geroi i zlodei, p. 255.
344. Kostyrchenko, Out of the Red Shadows, pp. 250–251. Only the name of the archive (Russian Center for the Preservation and Study of Documents of Modern History) but not the code of the document is given.
345. Ibid., pp. 250–251.
346. The Moscow Scientists Club (Dom Uchenykh) was organized in June 1920 [Savina, G. A., “Napisano v podvalakh OGPU” [It was written in the OGPU basement], Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk 65 (5) (1995): 452–460 (in Russian)].
347. Soyfer, Lysenko, p. 332.
348. Kalinnikova, V. D., “Tsitolog Grigorii Iosifovich Roskin” [The cytologist Grigory Iosifovich Roskin], Priroda 8 (1994: pp. 62–74 (in Russian).
349. Miller, S. L., J. W. Schopf, and A. Lazcano, “Oparin’s Origin of Life: Sixty years later,” Journal of Molecular Evolution 44 (1997): 351–353. See details in Graham, Science, Philosophy, and Human Behavior, pp. 70–96.
350. Oparin, Aleksandr Ivanovich, in Turkevich, Soviet Men of Science, pp. 275–276.
351. Aleksandrov, Trudnye gody, pp. 125–128.
352. Gaisinovich, A. E., and E. B. Muzrukova, “‘Otryzhka’ kletochnoi teorii” [“The belching” of the cell theory], Priroda 11 (1989): 92–100 (in Russian).
353. Rapoport, Ya., “Nedolgaya zhizn’ ‘zhivogo veshchestva’” [The short life of a “living substance”], in Glinka, M. S., ed., Sovremennye mysli, ili proroki v svoem otechestve [Well-Timed Thoughts, or Prophets in Their Own Fatherland] (Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1989), p. 130 (in Russian).
354. Cited in Gaisinovich and Muzrukova, “‘Otryzhka’ kletochnoi teorii,” p. 98.
355. Rapoport, “Nedolgaya zhizn’‘zhivogo veshchestva,’” p. 139.
356. Details in Soyfer, Lysenko, pp. 216–218.
357. Oparin, A. I., “Otchet Biologicheskogo otdeleniya AN SSSR” [The report of the Biology Division of the USSR Academy], Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Biologicheskaya 3 (1955): 3 (in Russian).
358. Aleksandrov, Trudnye gody, pp. 165–169. It is amazing that Dmitrii Lebedevand Yurii Olenov were Party members.
359. Bogorov, V. G., “Lev Aleksandrovich Zenkevich (1889–1970)” [L. A. Zenkevich (1889–1970)], Bulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdelenie Biologicheskoe 76 (3) (1971): 9–12 (in Russian).
360. Zenkevich, L. A., and J. A. Birstein, “O vozmozhnykh meropriyatiyakh po povysheniyu proizvoditel’nykh svoistv Kaspiya i Arala” [On possible measures for enhancing the productivity of the Caspian and Aral seas], Rybnoe Khozyaistvo 3 (1934): 38–40 (in Russian).
361. Zenkevich, L. A., J. A. Birstein, and A. F. Karpevich, “Pervye uspekhi rekonstruktsii fauny Kaspiiskogo morya” [First steps in reconstruction of the Caspian Sea fauna], Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 24 (1) (1945): 31 (in Russian).
362. According to the rumors, the university rector at the time, Academician Aleksandr Nesmeyanov (rector in 1948–1951), was against the arrest.
363. Laius, Yu. A., “‘Sel’dyanaya problema Barentsova morya’: vzaimootnosheniya nauki, praktiki I politiki” [“The herring problem of the Barents Sea”: relationships between science, practical application, and politics], in Na Perelome [At the Turning Point], vol. 1 (St. Petersburg, 1997), pp. 177–199 (in Russian).
364. For instance, Birstein, J. A., and N. N. Spasskii, “Donnaya fauna Kaspiiskogo morya do i posle vseleniya Nereis succinea” [The bottom fauna of the Caspian Sea before and after the introduction of Nereis succinea], in Akklimatizatsiya nereis v Kaspiiskom more [Acclimatization of Nereis in the Caspian Sea] (Moscow: Izdatel’stvo MOIP, 1953), pp. 36–114 (in Russian).
365. Kaverin, V., “O chestnosti v nauke” [On honesty in science], Literaturnaya Gazeta, January 29, 1955 (in Russian).
366. Saenkova, A. K., “K voprosu o vzaimootnosheniyakh Nereis succinea s donnymi organizmami severnogo Kaspiya” [On the relationships of Nereis succinea with the other benthic organisms of the northern Caspian Sea], Bulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdelenie Biologicheskoe 61 (1) (1956): 45–50 (in Russian); Vinogradov, L. G., “O meste Nereis succinea v bentose severnogo Kaspiya” [On the position of Nereis succinea in the benthos of the northern Caspian Sea], Bulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdelenie Biologicheskoe, 60 (6) (1956): 61–76 (in Russian); and others.