3 Ibid.
Chapter 9: Reversal of Roles
1 Unsigned editorial, “The Proposed Treaty,” National Review, May 22, 1987, 13-14; Robert M. Gates, From the Shadows (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), 404.
2 Author’s Carlucci interview, January 19, 2005.
3 See National Security Decision Directive Number 250, “Post-Reykjavik Follow-Up,” November 4, 1986, obtained from “The Reykjavik File,” National Security Archive; Jack C. Matlock, Jr., Reagan and Gorbachev (New York: Random House, 2004), 246.
4 Author’s Ermarth interview, January. 25, 2005; author interview with William Odom, March 23, 2005.
PART II: INFORMAL ADVISER
Chapter 1: A New Friend
1 This account is based upon appointment calendars at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, records of the Massie-Reagan correspondence at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, and interviews with Suzanne Massie, March 21, 2005, and Robert McFarlane, April 28, 2005.
2 Hoover Institution/Gorbachev Foundation oral interview with Donald Regan, June 17, 2000. Regan’s assertion is too sweeping. The Reagan archives demonstrate that some of Massie’s meetings with Reagan were in the Oval Office, and that advisers such as McFarlane and his successors John Poindexter, Frank Carlucci, and Colin Powell took part in some of the sessions.
3 Ronald Reagan Presidential Library: Letter to Samuel Robert Massie, August 5, 1987, WHORM ME001, case file 509807; Scheduling Note, Dona to Wilma, Aug. 6, 1985, WHORM PR007-01, Box 16, 273288 and following.
4 Suzanne Massie letter to Ronald Reagan, March 12, 1986, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.
5 Interview with Nancy Reagan, June 29, 2005; interview with Suzanne Massie, March 25, 2005.
6 Don Oberdorfer, The Turn (New York: Poseidon Press, 1991), 143; John Leonard book review, “Land of the Firebird,” New York Times, October 8, 1980, C-25.
7 Nancy Reagan, My Turn (New York: Random House, 1989), 289.
Chapter 2: Banned from the Land of the Firebird
1 This section is taken from interviews with Suzanne Massie, March 21, 2005, and February 16, 2008, and from Robert and Suzanne Massie, Journey (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1973), 1-9, 196-98.
2 Massie and Massie, Journey, 154-55.
3 Ibid., 214-21.
4 Ibid., 163-64.
5 Author’s Massie interviews, March 21, 2005, and February 16, 2008.
6 Suzanne Massie, Land of the Firebird: The Beauty of Old Russia (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1980), 13-14. John Leonard, “Books of The Times,” New York Times, October 8, 1980, C-25.
7 Author’s Massie interview, February 16, 2008.
Chapter 3: War Scare
1 Author’s Massie interview, March 21, 2005; William Drozdiak, “Pilots Begin Soviet Boycott,” Washington Post, September 15, 1983, A15.
2 John F. Burns, “Andropov Attacks U.S. Missile Plan as Unacceptable,” New York Times, September 29, 1983, A1; John M. Goshko, “20 Soviet Scholars Recalled from U.S.,” Washington Post, September 17, 1983, A10.
3 Author’s interview with Vladimir Zubok, September 10, 2007.
4 Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story (New York: HarperPerennial, 1990), 502-3, 644.
5 David Remnick, Lenin’s Tomb (New York: Random House, 1993), 445.
6 Author’s Massie interview, March 21, 2005.
7 “Life In Russia: Pattern of Subtle Change,” U.S. News and World Report, February 1, 1982, 33; Strobe Talbott, “Trying to Influence Moscow,” Time, November 22, 1982.
8 Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story, 593, 599-600. For other accounts of Able Archer, see John Prados, “The War Scare of 1983,” in Robert Cowley, ed., The Cold War: A Military History (New York: Random House, 2006), 438-54; Robert M. Gates, From the Shadows (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), 270-73; Don Oberdorfer, The Turn (New York: Poseidon Press, 1991), 64-68.
9 Author interview with Robert McFarlane, April 28, 2005.
10 Author interview with Fritz Ermarth, January 25, 2005.
11 Special National Intelligence Estimate 11-10-84/JX, May 18, 1984, “Implications of Recent Soviet Military-Political Activities, declassified and published by Center for the Study of Intelligence; Gates, From the Shadows, pp. 272-73.
12 Ronald Reagan, An American Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), 588-89.
13 Author’s McFarlane interview; interview with George Shultz, February 16, 2005; George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993), 464-65.
14 Bernard Weinraub, “Risk of War Rises, Mondale Asserts,” New York Times, January 4, 1984, A-7.
15 Ronald Reagan, “Address to the Nation and Other Countries on United States-Soviet Relations,” January 16, 1984, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.
16 Jack F. Matlock, Jr., Reagan and Gorbachev (New York: Random House, 2004), 80-87.
17 Ibid., p. 83.
18 Anatoly Dobrynin, In Confidence (New York: Times Books, 1995), 551.
Chapter 4: Improbable Emissary
1 This section is based upon interviews with Jack Matlock, Robert McFarlane, and Suzanne Massie.
2 Jack F. Matlock, Jr., Reagan and Gorbachev (New York: Random House, 2004), 93-94; George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993), 903.
3 Author interview with Brent Scowcroft, May 26, 2006.
4 This section is based upon interviews with McFarlane and Massie.
5 Author interview with George Shultz, February 16, 2005; Anatoly Dobrynin, In Confidence (New York: Times Books, 1995), 600.
Chapter 5: Hunger for Religion
1 Ronald Reagan letter to Suzanne Massie, February 15, 1984, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Presidential Handwriting File, Box 008, folder 116.
2 Ronald Reagan letter to John O. Koehler, in Kiron K. Skinner, Annelise Anderson, and Martin Anderson, eds., Reagan: A Life in Letters (New York: Free Press, 2003), 375.
3 Author interview with Colin Powell, November 2, 2006; Stuart Spencer, oral interview, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virgina, November 15, 2001.
4 Robert and Suzanne Massie, Journey (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1973), 164-65; Suzanne Massie, “The Importance of the Russian Culture and the Russian Church: A Personal Testimony,” speech to Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary, June 7, 1981, republished at suzannemassie.com.
5 Suzanne Massie letters to Ronald Reagan, January 20, 1984, and March 8, 1984, Presidential Handwriting File, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.
6 Author interview with Suzanne Massie, March 21, 2005; Suzanne Massie, “The New Russian Spirit,” speech given to Smithsonian Institution, May 1, 1986.