Inquisition, the, 61, 62, 483, 527–528, 539, 542, 573–574, 683, 689, 711
Institutiones (Quintilian)., 78
intarsia, 129–130
interest, 589
Invective against a Physician (Petrarch), 37
Ipocrita (Aretino), 658, 659
irreligion, popular, 543, 544, 570–571
Isabella of Aragon, Duchess of Milan (fl. 1481–94), 185, 188
Isabella the Catholic (1451–1504), Queen of Castile (1474–1504), 407, 409, 610, 615
Isabella of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress (1503–39), 663
Isotta, see Atti, Isotta degli
Italia mia! (Petrarch), 45–46
Italy, unity of, 45–46, 559–561, 563–564
J
Januarius, St. (d. c. 305), 350, 356
Jayme, Cardinal of Portugal (d. 1459), 96, 382
Jenson, Nicolas (d. c. 1480), 316
jesters and buffoons, 483–484
Jesuits, see Society of Jesus
jewelry, 287, 502, 638
Jews, 589
Joachim of Flora (c. 1145–c. 1202), 145
Joanna I, Queen of Naples (1343–80
d. 1382), 14–15, 349
Joanna II, Queen of Naples (1414–35), 182, 349, 353, 610
Johann Friedrich, Elector of Saxony (d. 1554), 663
John XXII (Jacques d’Euse), Pope (1316–34), 50–51, 53, 56, 262, 602
John XXIII (Baldassare Cossa), Pope (1410–15), 94, 364–366
John VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (1425–48), 370, 371
John II, King of France (1350–64), 54
John II the Perfect, King of Portugal (1481–95), 164
John of Speyer (1469), 316
John Zápolya, King of Hungary (1526–40), 321
Jones, Inigo (1573–1652), 653
Joseph II, Patriarch of Constantinople (1416–39),370
jubilee year, 379–380, 414
Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere), Pope (1503–13), 153, 211, 235, 238–239, 243, 247, 265, 292, 312, 334, 336, 339, 344, 348, 376, 380, 396, 398, 399, 400, 402, 403, 406, 408, 410, 415, 419, 426, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440*, 441–447, 448, 449, 450–451, 457–458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 470–473, 474, 476, 480, 484, 485, 487, 490, 492, 496, 498–409, 504, 507, 515, 517, 521, 528, 533, 535, 549, 576, 592, 601, 611, 616, 617–618, 620, 714, 715
Julius III (Giammaria Ciocchi del Monte), Pope (1550–55), 661, 712–713, 714, 719
Justus van Ghent (fl, 1460–80), 343
K
Keats, John (1795–1821), 456
Khwarizmi, al–(780–c.850), 692
Kindi, al–(c. 850), 692
Knights of Rhodes, 400
L
La Ramée, Pierre (1515–72), 695
La Tour d’Auvergne, Madeleine de (d. 1519), 518
labor troubles, 35, 71–72
Ladislaus VII, King of Hungary (1490–1516), 414
Ladislaus III, King of Poland (1434–44), 371
Laetus, Julius Pomponius (1428–98), 392–393, 495–496, 690
Landi, Amadeo de’ (1440), 529, 573
Landino, Cristoforo (1424–1504), 115, 120, 123
Landino, Francesco (1325–97), 40, 602
Landriani, Gherardo (1422), 78
Landsknechte, 628, 629
Lannoy, Charles de (d. 1527), 626, 627, 629, 630
Laocoön, 496, 651, 701
Lasca (Antonio Francesco Grazzini: 1503–83), 697
Lascaris, Constantine (1434–1501), 79, 316, 318
Lascaris, John (c. 1445–1535), 119, 486, 522
Lateran (Rome) Council, 445, 446, 481, 540, 589
Laura, see Sade, Laura de Laurana, Luciano (c. 1420–79), 342
Laureti, Tommaso (1530–1602), 713
Lautrec, Odet de Foix, Vicomte de (1485–1528), 621, 634–635
law, 286, 592
League of Holy Union, 618
Lebrun, Charles (1619–90), 332, 683
Leo X (Giovanni de’ Medici), Pope (1513–21), 78, 115, 148, 163, 164, 214, 239, 243, 265–266, 273, 277, 318, 319, 335, 346, 348, 376, 401, 405, 406, 448, 451, 463, 477–488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 496, 497, 498, 499, 501–502, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 515, 516–521, 527–528, 540, 545, 553–554, 561, 563, 564, 595, 596, 602, 619–621, 622, 623, 625, 628, 639, 641, 654, 701
Leo XIII (Gioacchino Pecci), Pope (1878–1903), 407
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), 101, 108, 131, 133, 135, 139, 140, 149, 165, 166, 173, 185, 187, 195, 197, 199–228, 232, 233, 238, 258, 304, 328, 340, 417, 421, 425, 452, 454, 468, 470, 472, 516, 519, 529, 530, 600, 665, 667, 692, 697, 702, 717, 718, 722, 728
Adoration of the Magi, 201
Annunciation, 199, 200
as inventor, 209, 213, 216, 219–221
as philosopher, 225–226
as scientist, 221–225
as writer, 217–218
Codice Atlantico, 218
drawings, 218–219
Last Supper, 204–206, 227, 697
Mona Lisa, 204, 211–213, 454
Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, frescoes, 210–211
St. John, 214
statue of Francesco Sforza, 206–207, 227
Virgin, Child, and St. Anne, 208–209
Virgin, Child, St. Anne, and St. John, 208–209, 218, 227
Virgin of the Rocks, 197, 204
Leoni, Leone (1509–90), 178, 711
Leopardi, Alessandro (d. c. 1522), 132, 281, 293, 295
Lepanto, battle of, 650, 675
Letters (Aretino), 658–659
Liber facetiarum (Poggio Bracciolini), 83
Liberale da Verona (1451–1536), 325
liberty, 546–547
libraries, 76–77, 119, 342–343, 377, 379, 387, 488–489
Libro dell’ arte (Cennini), 99
Libro d’oro (Venice), 285
Ligorio, Pirro (c. 1510–83), 714
Liguria, 176
Linacre, Thomas (1460?-1524), 123, 317, 529, 728
Lippi, Filippino (1457–1504), 105, 137, 139–140, 200, 201, 208, 247, 386, 468, 706
Lippi, Fra Filippo (c. 1406–69), 104–106, 137, 138
Livy (Titus Livius: 59 B.C.-A.D. 17), 350, 487, 491, 547, 551
Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo (1538-c. 1600), 206
Lombardi, Alfonso (1463–1536), 335
Lombardo, Antonio (c. 1458-c. 1516), 281, 295
Lombardo, Moro (1481), 295
Lombardo, Pietro (c. 1435–1515), 281, 293, 295, 339
Lombardo, Sante (fl. 1524–27), 295
Lombardo, Tullio (c. 1455–1532), 281, 295
Loredano, Giacomo (1527), 595
Loredano, Leonardo, Doge of Venice (1501–21), 288, 300–301
Loredano, Pietro, Doge of Venice (1567–70), 665
Lorenzetti, Ambrogio (fl. 1324–48), 36–37
Lorenzetti, Pietro (fl. 1305–48), 36–37
Lorenzo Monaco (c. 1370–1425), 99, 101
Lorenzo Veneziano (fl. 1356–72), 40
Loreto, 164, 234, 312, 341, 569
Lotti, Lorenzetto (1490–1541), 507
Lotto, Lorenzo (1480–1556), 311–313, 321, 684
Louis IV of Bavaria, Holy Roman Emperor (1314–47), 57
Louis XI, King of France (1461–83), 184, 388, 609, 610
Louis XII, King of France (1498–1515), 177, 178, 189, 190, 191, 207, 213, 257, 417, 419, 420, 421, 422, 424, 425, 430, 435, 516, 542, 613, 614, 615–617, 618–619
Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715), 506*
Louis I, King of Hungary (1342–82), 15
Louis Allemand, Blessed (c. 1380–1450), 368
Louis of Canossa (d. 1532), 345