Louise of Savoy, Countess of Angoulême (1476–1531), 431, 621, 629, 635
Lourdes (Zola), 673
Loyola, Ignatius, St. (1491–1556), 689
Lucca, 229
Lucretius Carus, Titus (96?-55 B.C.), 41, 536
Luini, Bernardino (1470–1533), 228
Lully, Raymond (c. 1235–1315), 692
Luna, Pedro de (1328–1423), see Benedict XIII, Antipope
lute, 604
Luther, Martin (1483–1546), 13, 161, 352, 370, 388, 486, 489, 519, 533–534, 543, 546, 572, 606, 622, 626, 628, 631, 645, 686, 688
Lutherans, 635
Luzzi, Mondino de’ (c. 1270–1326), 531
M
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Baron (1800–59), 565
Macer, 679, 682
Machiavelli, Niccolò (1469–1527), 109, 110, 161, 162, 180, 210, 276, 354, 375, 408, 417, 420, 422, 424, 434, 439, 443, 490, 517, 521, 526, 545, 546, 547–567, 568, 570, 579, 598, 606–607, 619, 657, 727
Madrid, treaty of, 627
madrigals, 602, 603–604
Magliana, Villa, 484
Maitani, Lorenzo (before 1275–1330), 35
Malatesta, Carlo (c. 1364–1429), 339
Malatesta, Giovanni (d. 1304), 339
Malatesta, Pandolfo (1377–1427), 240
Malatesta, Pandolfo (1475–1534), 419, 421
Malatesta, Paolo (d. 1285), 339
Malatesta, Parisina, Marchioness of Ferrara (d. 1425), 262
Malatesta, Roberto (d. 1482), 396
Malatesta, Sigismondo Pandolfo (1417–68), 231, 339–341, 342
Malevolti, Orlando, 237
malfeasance, 592
Malory, Sir Thomas (fl. 1444–71), 271
Mancini, Faustina (d. c. 1520), 492, 577
Mancione, Geronimo (1501), 415
Mandragola (Machiavelli), 553–554, 598
Manetti, Giannozzo (1396–1459), 79, 82, 84, 350, 377, 379
Manetti, Latino (1535), 690
Manfredi, Astorre (d. 1502), 420, 421
manners, 593–594, 606
Mantegazza, Cristoforo (d. 1482), 179
Mantegna, Andrea (1431–1506), 22, 251–255, 258, 298, 301, 328, 336, 400
Ducal Palace frescoes, Mantua, 252
Eremitani frescoes, Padua, 252, 267
Parnassus, 254
Triumph of Caesar, 253–254, 259
Verona polyptych, 253
Mantua, 108, 196, 249–260
Palazzo del Te, 259
Reggia, 257–258
Mantua, Congress of, 389–390, 618
Manutius, Aldus I (1450–1515), 257, 315–318, 338, 375, 440, 480, 486, 487, 508–509, 571
Manutius, Aldus II (1547–97), 317
Maramaldi, Fabrizio (1530), 636–637
Marcello, Cristoforo (1527), 632
Marches, the, 327*
Marcillat, Guillaume de (1467–1529), 448
Marcio, Galeotto (1478), 573
Marco d’Oggiono (c. 1475-c. 1530), 206, 228
Maremma, drainage of the, 700
Margani, Pietro (d. 1480), 396
Margaret of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands (1480–1530), 635
Margaret of France, Duchess of Savoy (1532–74), 711
Maria d’Aquino, 10–11, 29–30
Maria of Savoy, Duchess of Milan (married 1427), 182
Mariano, Lorenzo di (1476–1534), 237, 238
Marignano, battle of, 613, 619, 629
Mariolatry, 569
Marone, Andrea (1527), 632
Marot, Clément (c. 1495–1544), 488
marriage, 578–579, 582, 588
Marsilius of Padua (c. 1290?-1343), 363, 538
Marsuppini, Carlo (c. 1399–1453), 79, 82, 96, 377
Martin V (Oddone Colonna), Pope (1417–31), 83, 240, 366, 367–368, 369, 370
Martini, Simone (1283–1344), 5, 13, 35–36, 53
Maestà (Siena), 35–36
Mary, the Virgin, 86
Masaccio (Tommaso Guidi: 1401-c. 1429), 100–101, 104, 135, 140, 231, 245, 454, 672, 722
Masolino da Panicale (1383–1447), 100, 101
Mass, the, 543, 544
Masuccio (Tommaso de’ Guardati: 1476), 572, 697, 699*
Massimi, Domenico (1527), 631
Matarezzo, Francesco (1500), 241–242, 243, 412, 427
mathematics, 692
Matilda of Tuscany, Countess (1046–1115), 375
Matteo di Giovanni (1435–95), 237, 238
Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary (1458–90), 119, 130, 132, 390–391
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1493–1519), 189, 190, 191, 534, 611, 612, 613–614, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620
Mazochi, Iacopo (1521), 496
Mazzoni, Guido (1450–1518), 333
medals, 324
Medici, Alessandro de’, Duke of Florence (1531–37), 545, 637, 643, 699, 701, 703, 704, 717
Medici, Averardo de’ (1314), 73
Medici, Carlo de’ (d. 1492), 105
Medici, Caterina de’, see Médicis, Catherine de, Queen of France
Medici, Cosimo de’, Pater Patriae (1389–1464), 69, 74–77, 80, 81, 82, 85–86, 89, 90, 93, 94, 95, 97, 103, 104, 107, 109, 110, 111, 113, 119, 128, 143, 169, 184, 193, 231, 353, 366, 370, 371, 377, 554, 699, 703, 726
Medici, Cosimo I de’, Duke of Florence (1537–69), Grand Duke of Tuscany (1569–74), 90, 468, 545, 583, 699–701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 710, 719
Medici, Ferdinando I de’, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1587–1609), 699
Medici, Ferdinando II de’, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1620–70), 455
Medici, Francesco de’, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1574–87), 700, 702
Medici, Giovanni de’ (1475–1521), see Leo X, Pope
Medici, Giovanni Angelo de’ (1499–1565), see Pius IV, Pope
Medici, Giovanni (“delle Bande Nere”) de’ (1498–1526), 554, 628, 629, 655, 660, 699, 703
Medici, Giovanni di Bicci de’ (1360–1429), 73, 88
Medici, Giuliano de’ (1453–78), 111, 113, 124, 125, 137, 138, 593, 624, 641
Medici, Giuliano de’, Duke of Nemours (1479–1516), 141, 163, 214, 319, 341, 345, 481, 551, 581, 641, 642
Medici, Giulio de’ (1478–1534), see Clement VII, Pope
Medici, Ippolito (1511–35), 335, 492, 530, 665, 703, 704
Medici, Lorenzino de’ (1514–48), 699
Medici, Lorenzo de’ (the Elder: 1395–1440), 143, 699
Medici, Lorenzo de’ (the Magnificent—il magnifico: 1449–92), 76, 89, 97, 110–120, 121, 123, 125, 126, 128–129, 130, 131, 137, 138, 240–142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 164, 189, 194, 262, 322, 342, 354, 356, 395, 400, 401, 464, 465, 467, 477, 478–480, 490, 528, 530, 538, 543, 554, 593, 596, 597, 601, 602, 622, 624–625, 641, 644, 726
Medici, Lorenzo de’, Duke of Urbino (1516–19), 163, 518, 551, 561, 563, 564, 641, 642
Medici, Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de’ (1463–1507), 465
Medici, Maddalena de’ (1472–1519), 400
Medici, Piero de’ (il Gottoso: 1414–69), 90, 97, 105, 110, 111, 112, 128, 131, 132, 134, 137
Medici, Piero de’ (1471–1503), 123, 141, 143, 147, 148, 465, 480, 611
Medici, Salvestro de’ (1378), 73–74
Medici family, origin of name, 73*
Medici tombs (Michelangelo), 499, 636, 641–644, 722, 723
medicine, 486, 530–537, 693
Médicis, Catherine de, Queen of France (1519–89), 518, 564, 638, 645, 703
Mellon, Andrew W. (1855–1937), 456–457
Melozzo da Forli (1438–94), 233, 338, 343, 398, 599
Melzi, Francesco (1492-c. 1570), 226, 227, 228
Menaechmi (Plautus), 269, 598
mercenaries, 437, 560, 591, 596, 613, 628, 629–632
Merino, Gabriele (c. 1513), 483
metalwork, 314
Metamorphoses (Apuleius), 510
Meteorology (Aristotle), 543