Japan’s aggression against, 90
J. F. Kennedy’s reconsidered attitude toward, 317–19
Korean War and, 238–39, 251
lend-lease and, 96, 97, 102, 182–84
Luna missiles of, 660n
Nazi invasion of, 88, 94–96, 97
Nixon’s arms negotiations with, 379–80, 382–83
nonintervention by, 467–72
nuclear nightmares in, 441
nuclear test moratorium sponsored by, 284
nuclear weapons in, 160, 172, 178–79, 181, 184–87, 190, 203, 223–24, 226, 230, 236, 241, 253, 256–57, 272, 275, 281–82, 297, 299–300, 302–3, 306, 311, 397, 445
peaceful coexistence proposed by, 468
possible U.S. nuclear war of, 273, 298, 415
postwar rebuilding by, 188, 211
postwar U.S. sympathy for, 125–26, 127
Reagan’s hostility towards, 426
Reagan’s rekindling of arms race with, 437–38, 440–47
Russian nostalgia for, 538
SAC Emergency War Plan against, 227–28
space program of, see Sputnik
Stalinism and waning U.S. support for, 56, 60
strong economy of, 56–57
terrorists discouraged by, 427
Truman administration’s distrust of, 120–29
UN boycott by, 236
U.S. enthusiasm for, 56–60, 105–8, 248
U.S. relations with, 30
in World War II, 96–106, 107, 108–17, 109, 118, 120–29, 138, 144
Spaatz, Carl, 176, 215
space, weaponization of, 541–42
Space Command, U.S., xvii, 541–42
space race, 275–78, 304, 319–20, 323
militarization of, 277–78
Spain, 517, 521, 544, 587, 613
colonialism of, xvii, xxx
fascism in, 84–85, 85, 88, 89, 95–96
territories acquired from, xxii–xxiii
Spanish-American War, xxii, 116, 304
Spanish Civil War, 84–85, 85, 88, 89, 95–96, 180
Spellman, Francis, Cardinal, 269
Spitzer, Abe, 167–68, 173
Sputnik, 274–76, 278, 286
Stalin, Josef, 10, 56, 84, 96, 103, 108–10, 113, 189, 195, 200, 207, 211, 248, 251
on atomic bomb, 172, 178–79
atrocities committed by, 115
Berlin blockade by, 220
China and, 223
on Churchill’s “iron curtain” speech, 191
cult of personality of, 273
death of, 227, 228, 248
Korean War and, 236, 238–39, 244
lack of support by Western democracies felt by, 60, 88, 95, 102–4
meeting with Churchill of, 113–14, 115, 206, 209
post-Soviet nostalgia for, 486
at Potsdam, 161–66, 165
revival of interest in, 538
Tito confronted by, 208–9
Truman and, 120–21, 123–26, 128–29, 186, 188
at Yalta Conference, 114–17, 118
Stalingrad, 108, 125, 157
Nazi attack on, 104
Stalinism, 56, 60
Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, 554
Standard Oil, xxxii, 39, 78, 82
of California, 219, 350
of New Jersey, 345
Stanford University, 78, 365, 541
Applied Electronics Laboratory of, 365
State Department, U.S., xxxi, 9, 41, 76, 106, 175, 202, 205, 206, 207, 217, 229–31, 263, 264, 285, 294, 316, 329, 337, 344, 351, 360, 366, 412, 418, 430, 439, 459, 469, 488, 489, 506–7, 523, 529, 542, 543, 562, 569, 595, 601
on Iran, 409–10
McCarthy’s accusations against, 232, 367
Near East Division of, 190
sterilizations, forced, 80–81
Stern Gang, 219
Stettinus, Edward, 102, 120, 122
Stevenson, Adlai, 247, 281, 282, 284, 288, 321
Stiglitz, Joseph, 530, 533, 558, 590, 614
Stimson, Henry, xxxi, 96, 103, 105, 111, 113, 119, 122, 143–46, 152, 158–160–64, 165, 175, 178, 184
Stockhold International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), 289
stock market:
1920s boom of, 48
1929 crash of, 48
1987 collapse of, 462
Stone, I. F., 232, 278
Stone, Oliver, 336
Strategic Air Command (SAC), 227, 229, 241, 254, 286, 303, 383, 418
during Cuban Missile Crisis, 309, 311
Emergency War Plan of, 257
Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific, U.S., 176
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT), 379–80
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II), 404–5, 404, 407, 413–14, 415–16
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), 445, 482, 483
Strategic Command, U.S., 534–35
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI; Star Wars), 396, 442–43, 447–49, 448, 451–55, 462, 576
Strategic Rocket Forces, Soviet, 443
strategic weapons, 449, 451
offensive, 463
Strauss, Lewis, 270–71, 283
strikes, xviii–xix, 33–34, 35, 52
national textile, 57, 58
railroad, xix, xxi
in Venezuela, 39
Student Army Training Corps (SATC), 12
students, in protest movements, 335, 336, 338, 356, 357, 364, 369–71
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 335
submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), 379
submarines:
nuclear, 286–87, 302, 416, 540, 541
Soviet, 309
Sudan, 217, 523, 536
as future target, 523, 526
Suez Canal, 105, 189, 217, 259, 282, 408
Suez Crisis, 282, 414
Suharto, 350, 351, 352–53, 395–96
Sukarno, 347–52, 351
Sullivan and Cromwell, 82, 122, 254, 263
Sultan, Bandar bin, Saudi Crown Prince, 475, 488
Sulzberger, Arthur Hays, 262, 265
Sulzberger, C. L., 125–26
Summers, Lawrence, 484–85, 552, 554–55
Summit of the Americas, 603–4
Sunnis, 528, 532–33, 534, 598
Sun Oil Company, 63
Supreme Court, U.S., 80, 347, 511, 565
Citizens United in, 558
FDR’s court-packing plan for, 62
Pentagon Papers ruling of, 385
2000 election decision in, 494
Supreme Soviet’s Committee on Defense and Security Issues of, 420
Supreme Ukrainian Liberation Council (UHVR), 214
surveillance, xii, 549, 551, 565
drone, 572, 576
Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) program, 508
Suskind, Ron, 495–96, 513, 532, 554
Suzuki, Kantaro, 147, 173
Sweden, 287, 547
Switzerland, 82, 499–500, 549
Sydney Morning Herald (Australia), 612
Sykes-Picot Agreement, 26
Syria, 219, 477, 507, 518, 536, 600, 601–2, 613
as future target, 522, 523, 526
systems analysis, 383
Szilard, Leo, 132–33, 135–36, 136, 160–61, 178, 180, 230, 272, 300
tactical nuclear weapons, 466, 482
Taft, William Howard, 1, 39
Taguba, Antonio, 510–11
Taiwan, 223, 238, 251, 328, 430, 456, 606, 609
Taliban, 486–90, 501, 503, 506–7, 534, 573, 577, 578
in Afghanistan, 486–90, 501, 503, 506–7, 534, 535, 571, 580, 581, 583–84, 588–89, 591, 594, 597
9/11 and, 501
Pakistan and, 535, 571
women and, 580
Tanforan, Calif., 153
Tanzania, 490
Taraki, Nur Muhammad, 412–13
Tarawa, 145
TASS, 445
taxes, 557
G. W. Bush’s cuts for the wealthy, 506, 545, 546, 559