I said two things to Barb, both of which she could immediately verify. As she verified that those two statements were true, and especially as she verified the second one, there was a sudden congruence between what she was hearing and what she was feeling, which allowed her to begin to change the way she was perceiving the world around her. She began to go into an altered state. Let me go on a bit so you have a chance to watch this.
As I said, Barb, you can do this with your eyes open or closed, whichever one is more comfortable. And as you sit there, you can feel the support that the chair offers you along your lower back, and you can feel the place where the rungs are supporting your feet just in front of your heels. And you can notice, as you sit there, the warmth where your hands are resting on your legs and thighs, and a sense of growing comfort. And the next time that your eyes begin to close, simply allow them to stay there and enjoy a growing sense of comfort internally. (Someone sneezes.) The sound of a sneeze washes through you, leaving you even more comfortable. And as you sit there breathing in … and out … you have a growing sense … of comfort… . Listen for those particular sounds … and enjoy a growing sense … of security . . for the purposes that we have here… .
At the moment, Barb, I'd like your unconscious mind to make a choice … about giving you a sense of refreshment … and renewal . . as you sit there listening to the sound of my voice … as well as the tinkling of the china … but with a sense of growing independence of your surroundings … and a comfort … internal … and for the purposes of what we have come here to do … as a demonstration … you have already succeeded very well… .
And I am going to request of your unconscious mind … that it cause … one …or both … of your hands and arms …to begin to lift, if indeed … it is appropriate …in small … honest … unconscious movements… . And you can wonder …as you sit there … breathing in … and out … whether or not … that particular response will be the one selected by your unconscious mind .'. . or … equally useful … for the purposes we have here this afternoon … would be for your unconscious …to give you a sense … of comfort … and if more appropriate … to cause you " . . with a sense of refreshment …to slowly drift back and rejoin us … here … in this room … pleased with how quickly you could learn … these initial phases … of altering your state of consciousness… .
In either case …I would like this opportunity …to ask your unconscious to prepare some material… . The carpenter who approaches … the construction of a building… has … as his basic … tools to begin with … boards … nails … and the tools he brings… . The boards and the nails … have no meaning … until they are assembled … in a particular form … and attached to one another, … So, too, with little marks on paper… . The particular marks on paper that we call the alphabet are constructed … by small … boards or sticks… . And it's a lot easier to see … clearly … the finished product … that the carpenter … can construct …a house … a garage … than it is to see that same form … while the boards … and the nails are still separated … one from the other… .
There are natural … ways … of perceiving … which can be learned… . From the air … an entire skyline … for example … the San Francisco waterfront … can be taken in with a single glance … and its meaning discerned… . And indeed … from an airplane it's much easier to see such things , . . and to grasp … the entire … meaning of the waterfront of San Francisco … than it is to wander down among the buildings… . The same is true in many other areas of our life… .
So whether your unconscious chooses … to have you return with a sense of refreshment … or causes you to go in deeper, so signal me by causing one or both hands and arms to lift… . It's a choice that Heave entirely to your unconscious. … I would request that whichever choice it makes, it begin to assemble those materials … that I have been referring to … so that your perceptions can be ordered … in a new and more efficient way… . (She opens her eyes and stretches,)
As usual, I spent only the first four or so utterances staying with the pattern I said I was going to use, and then just went into everything else I wanted to do. I began by making statements that could be immediately verified in Barb's experience. At any point in time, we all have available to us a potentially infinite amount of sensory–grounded experience. The artistry is in knowing what part of sensory experience to choose to mention. It's particularly useful to choose anything that you guess would be outside of her awareness until you mention it. I was fairly certain, for example, that she was aware of the tone of my voice. And indeed she was. That came as no surprise. However, she was less aware of the feeling of the rung of the chair and the support it offered to the heels of her feet. So when I mentioned that, you could see more observable changes in her. She had to change her present consciousness in order to verify that what I said was true.
Two things happened by that maneuver. Number one, I gained credibility; what I said matched her experience. The second thing is that since she wasn't attending to the sensation of her feet touching the rung of the chair until I mentioned it, it was also a covert instruction to change her present consciousness—in this case in the direction of attending to a body sensation.
I made half a dozen remarks like that. Then there was a sudden shift in the kind of verbalizations I offered Barb. What did I do?
Woman: Then you went into metaphor,
I did something else before that.
Man: You started leading.
Yes. First I was just pacing: making statements describing her experience. And then what kind of statements did I make? Man: Suggestions to close her eyes.
I made suggestions about eye closure, but she was already doing that. We call that an incorporation. She was doing something, so I incorporated it into what I said.
Right after eye closure, I started making statements about internal states that I wanted her to develop. I said things like "a growing sense of comfort and security as you sit here." For me, the nonverbal signs that she already offered—slower breathing, muscle relaxation, etc. — have the name "comfort." They may not for Barb. The word "comfort" has as many different meanings as there are people in this room. When I use words like "comfort," I'm no longer talking in sensory–grounded terms. I'm suggesting that such states develop in her—whatever those words may mean to her.
I hope that you all have some appreciation for what the rest of my statements were about. I have to explain that Barb had asked me earlier for a particular kind of change with reference to an academic skill that she wants. I told a series of metaphors directed toward preparation for that change. You may be able to find some way of making sense out of that, and you may not. She has a way of making sense out of it, and that's the important thing.
Barb: I didn't at the time. It was just so many words. I just quit trying to deal with it consciously.
Exactly. And that's one of the responses that I want. "It was so many words that I just quit trying to make sense out of it. What the hell are you talking about? Carpenters and the San Francisco skyline. And from a plane, it's different than it is walking around among the buildings,"
In other words, the latter part was tailored to the request that she had made of me earlier. As I told the metaphors, her conscious mind did not understand. However, I received signals that her unconscious understood the reference and was beginning the preparations that I had requested of it. Are there any questions about what I did?
Man: You decided not to pursue the hand levitation?
No, I offered her a choice. I always do.
Man: Didn't you get some resistance to levitation and then give her an alternative?
There was no resistance. Her hand began to lift. The movements in her fingers and thumb were already there. Then I offered the second alternative, and her unconscious selected that one. If I had not offered the second choice, her hand would have continued to rise.
I made suggestions about hand and arm levitation and got twitches, which almost always precede the actual movement. At that point I remembered I was supposed to be demonstrating inductions, not trance phenomena. So I made the suggestion about her bringing herself out with a sense of refreshment and renewal and delight that she had achieved so much so quickly.
A good hypnotist is like a good government. The less you do to achieve the outcome effectively, the better you are at your job. My way of thinking metaphorically about what Barb and I did is that she allowed me to enter a loop with her in which I could feed back certain parts of her experience which allowed her to alter her state of consciousness radically. But the entire time, she was leading in the sense that I was being responsive to the changes in her, incorporating those, and then making a suggestion about where we ought to go next. She accepted all the suggestions I made to her. If she had indicated at any point that I was making a suggestion that was not appropriate for her, I would have offered alternatives.
Man: How would you know when a suggestion was inappropriate for her?
A reversal of all the growing signs of trance would indicate that. Any reversal of the muscle flaccidity, the breathing changes, the lower lip size changes, or skin color changes would have indicated to me that I had just proposed something that was not appropriate for her.
Man: I was wondering what you thought of her nervous laugh at the very beginning when you said her hands were experiencing warmth. She laughed but you ignored it.
'That was when I interrupted and said "I hope you noticed that response." The response I was referring to was the muscle flaccidity, the pupil dilation and an immediate body sway. Immediately following my comments she laughed. She would not have laughed if I had gone on with the induction. Her laughter was a recognition that it was working. I had said only two sentences and it was already working and she detected a change. Is that true, Barb?
Barb: Yes.
So the laugh would never have emerged if I had gone on with the induction. Her response was so immediate and distinct that I wanted to make sure all of you noticed. Woman: What happened to me when you did the induction is kind of strange. I was trying to watch you, because that was my job, and instead I went through the whole thing myself. I was really embarrassed because my hand was coming up and—
Well, you had lots of company. About thirty other people sitting out Where did, too, so don't be too embarrassed.
Larry: Can you give us more words that you use for internal responses—things you were guessing she was feeling inside?
Well, I wasn't guessing. I was leading at that point, I was asking her to create those experiences. I didn't use the words "security" and "comfort" based on what I was seeing, because 1 don't know if the signs that she was offering me mean security and comfort for her. I just know those are general words that are often associated with muscle relaxation.
Larry: Right. I am trying to find out other words you would use for 'that,
There are lots. You can use words like ease, peace, serenity, calmness, or being centered. They are all just words. They don't have any intrinsic meaning. They are interpreted individually by each person for his or her own needs.
I'm insisting on making a clear distinction between sensory–grounded descriptions and non–sensory–grounded descriptions. The sensory–grounded descriptions allow me to get into synchrony with her. The non–sensory–grounded descriptions allow me to offer her very general procedures that she can use idiosyncratically. Her interpretation of these will be rich and meaningful and individual to her. I have no idea what they are, but that's fine. That's content, and that belongs to her. My job is to run the process.
This is a very simple word induction, and you can always fall back on it. It will work. It just takes longer than some of the other fancier ones. When you use it, remember to connect the statements about sensory–grounded experience to the statements about internally–oriented states. This is called "causal modeling." The simplest and weakest way to connect statements is to use the word "and." "You hear the sound of my voice and you feel the warmth where your hands are resting on your thighs and a growing sense of comfort and, …"In the induction I did with Barb, I started linking with the word "and," and then I moved to a stronger form of linkage. "The feeling of warmth and support as your body fits against the chair will allow you to grow even more comfortable."
There are three kinds of linkage. The simplest is "X and Y." The next stronger form is "As X, Y" "As you listen to the sound of my voice, you will become more comfortable," or" When I reach over and touch you on the knee, you will have a sense of dropping into an even more relaxed state." " While you are sitting there listening to the sound of my voice, your unconscious mind can prepare a particularly interesting recall of a pleasant childhood experience." The strongest form "X causes Y" uses words like "cause" or "make" "The lifting of your arm will make you drift off into a pleasant memory."
So the pattern is to say four things that are immediately verifiable, and then connect them with an "and" to an internally–oriented state that you are proposing. First you have the pacing and then the leading. As you proceed, you can gradually increase the number of internally–oriented statements, and you can gradually go from a weaker form of linkage to a stronger form.
Linkage can be very powerful. It's astounding how much linkage goes right by people's conscious minds, and yet has an impact. Once I literally had somebody go totally blind in a seminar. I was demonstrating something, and I said "All you need to be able to do is see in order to do this" I had linked seeing to being able to do the task. After I went through the demonstration, a woman raised her hand and said "I have a question." I asked her what the question was, and she answered "What do you do if you can't see anything?" I thought she meant she hadn't noticed the person change in my demonstration, so I said "You weren't able to sec any responses?" She said "No, it's totally dark."
She wasn't worried at all, but I was thinking "Hey, wait a minute here!" I went over to her and said "You don't have to learn this" and poof … her vision came back.
That woman's response was very unusual. For most people, the linkage will work the other way. Since they can see, they will be able to do the task. As long as you know what you're linking to what, you'll be able to deal with whatever impact it does have.