Выбрать главу

Products of greater additional values such as mushrooms (Barbosa et al., 1995; Beux et al., 1995), aromatic compounds like ketone, aldehydes, acid, alcohols and esters (Christen et al., 1997), yeast (Ejiofor et al., 1996) and organic acids (Shankaranand and Lonsane, 1994) have been developed through biotechnology from CB (Pandey et al, 2000). It was also shown to have potential for the removal of heavy metal ions such as Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) from waste water (Wan Ngah and Hanafiah, 2008).

Cassava has truly assumed the position of an industrial crop on which many nations of the world can base their economies. However, further research and development efforts are still needed to place many of the existing and prospective cassava products from starch and flour in a composition of high competitive advantage among other alternative sources of raw materials for industry.

References

Abiodun, O.A., Akinoso R. and Oluoti O.J. (2014) Changes in functional and pasting properties of trifoliate yam flour during storage. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 18(2): 337–340.

Abraham, E.T. (1993) Stabilization of paste viscosity of cassava by heat moisture treatment. Starch/Starke, 45(3): 131–135.

Adebowale, A.A, Sanni L.O. and Kuye A. (2006) Effect of roasting methods on sorption isotherm of tapioca grits. Electronic Journal Environment Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 5(6): 1649–1653.

Adebowale, A.R., Sanni, L., Awonorin, S., Daniel, I. and Kuye, A. (2007) Effect of cassava varieties on the sorption isotherm of tapioca grits. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 42: 448–452.

Adesina, B.S. and Bolaji, O.T (2013) Effect of milling machines and sieve sizes on cooked cassava flour quality. Nigerian Food Journal, 31(1): 115–119.

Adetan, D.A., Adekoya, L.O. and Aluko, O.B. (2006) Theory of a mechanical method of peeling cassava tubers with knives. International Agrophysics, 20: 269–276.

Akindahunsi, A.A., Oboh, G. and Oshodi, A.A. (1999) Effect of fermenting cassava with Rhizopus oryzae on the chemical composition of its flour and gari. La Rivista Italiana Delle Sostanze Grasse, 76: 437–440.

Akinrele, I.A. (1973) Prospects for the use of composite flour for bread making and confectionery in Nigeria. A paper presented at the Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, pp. 1-30.

Ampe, F., Keleke, S., Robert, R. and Brauman, A. (1995) The role of pectin degrading enzymes during cassava retting, in: Proceedings of the International Seminar on Cassava Food. CTA-FAO-CIRAD-IFS, pp. 331–344.

ARS (2012) African Organization for Standardization ― High-quality cassava flour specifications. ARSO, Central Secretariat, Nairobi, Kenya.

Aryee, F.N.A., Oduro, I., Ellis, W.O. and Afuakwa, J.J. (2006) The physicochemical properties of flour samples from the roots of 31 varieties of cassava. Food Control, 17: 916–922.

Asaoka, M., Blanshard, J.M.V. and Rickard, J.E. (1991) Seasonal effects on the physico-chemical properties of starch from four cultivars of cassava. Starch-Starke, 43(12): 455–459.

Asaoka, M., Blanshard, M.V. and Rickard, J.E. (1992) Effects of cultivar and growth season on the gelatinisation properties of cassava (Manihot esculenta) starch. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 59(1): 53–58.

Atichokudomchai, N., Varavinit, S. and Chinachoti, P. (2004) A study of ordered structure in acid-modified tapioca starch by 13C CP/MAS solid-state NMR. Carbohydrate Polymers, 58; 383–389.

Babajide, J.M. and Olowe, S. (2013) Chemical, functional and sensory properties of water yam ― cassava flour and its paste. International Food Research Journal, 20(2): 903–909.

Balagopalan, C., Padmaja, G., Nanda, S.K. and Moorthy, S.N. (1988) Cassava nutrition and toxicity, in: Cassava in Food, Feed and Industry (eds R.J. Hillocks, J.M. Trsh and A.C. Belloti), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 13–36.

Barbosa, M.C.S., Soccol, C.R., Marin, B., Todeschini, M.L., Tonial, T. and Flores, V. (1995) Prospect for production of Pleurotus sajor-caju from cassava fibrous waste, in: Advances in Solid State Fermentation: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid State Fermentation (eds S. Roussos and B.K. Lonsane), Springer Science, Dordrecht, pp. 515–527.

BCC Research (2013) World market for starches/glucose: emphasizing cassava starch-FOD 037A. www.bccresearch.com/market research. Accessed 28 February 2014.

Beux, M.R., Soccol, C.R., Marin, B., Tonial, T. and Roussos, S. (1995) Cultivation of Lentinus edodes on the mixture of cassava bagasseand sugarcane bagasse, in: dvances in Solid State Fermentation: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid State Fermentation (eds S. Roussos, B.K. Lonsane and M. Raimbault), Springer Science, Dordrecht, pp. 501–513.

Bindzi, J.M., Guiama, V.D. and Ndjouenkeu, R. (2014) Combined smoking and drying kinetics of retted cassava pulp and effects on the physicochemical and pasting properties of the extracted starch. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 7: 2749–2758.

Brabet, C., Chuzel, G., Dufour, D., Raimbault, M. and Giraud, J. (1996) Improving cassava sour starch quality in Colombia, in: Cassava Flour and Starch: Progress in Research and Development (eds D. Dufour, G. O’Brien and R. Best), International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Montpellier, France, pp. 241–246.

Bradbury, J. H. (2005) A simple wetting method to reduce cyanogenic content of cassava flour. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19(4): 388–393.

CAC (1989) Codex Standard for Edible Cassava Flour. CODEX STAN 176-1989. Codex Alimentarius Commission.

Cassavabiz (2005) Cassava utilization: Integrated Cassava Project. www.cassavabiz.org/ postharvest. Accessed 25 October 2014.

Charles, A.L., Huang, T.C., Lai, P.Y., Chen, C.C., Lee, P.P. and Chang, Y.H. (2007) Study of wheat flour-cassava starch composite mix and the function of cassava mucilage in Chinese noodle. Food Hydrocolloids, 21: 368–378.

Cheow, C.S., Yu, S.Y. and Howell, N.K. (1999) Effect of salt, sugar and monosodium glutamate on the viscoelastic properties of fish cracker (“Keropok”) gel. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 23(1): 21–37.

Chiste, R.C., Silva, P.A., Lopes, A.S. and da Silva Pena, R. (2012) Sorption isotherms of tapioca flour. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 47(4): 870–874.

Chiwona-Karltun, L., Tylleskar, T., Rosiling, H., Ngoma, J., Mahungu, N.M. and Saka, J. (1995) Reasons for use of bitter cassava ― A priority in cassava production in Malawi. In: Root Crops and Poverty Alleviation, ISTRC-AB, pp. 313–315.

Christen, P., Meza, J.C. and Revah, S. (1997) Fruity aroma production in solid state fermentation by Ceratocystis fimbriata: Influence of the substrate type and the presence of precursors. Mycological Research, 101: 911–919.