in Czechoslovakia invasion, 629 NATO forces compared to, 642 Warsaw uprising, 415—16 Washington Post, 639, 690, 705 Wavell, Archibald Persival, 410 We (Zamyatin), 195-96, 270 Webb, Beatrice, 257 Webb, Sydney, 257 Week, The (Libedinsky), 130-31 Weizsaecker, Ernest von, 330 What's Life from the Standpoint of Physics
(Schrodinger), 484 Welles, Sumner, 362 wheat production, 16 White Army, 78-79, 82-85, 86, 87, 91, 103
in Poland, 92-93 White Book, 683 Wilson, Edmund, 257, 258 Wilson, Woodrow, 123
Winter, Ella, 257 Witte, Sergei, 18 Wolf, Erwin, 352
Wojtyla, Carol Cardinal (Pope John
Paul II), 676 women's rights, 466—67 Worker and Theater, 292, 294 workers:
absenteeism of, 710 under Andropov, 708-9 benefits for, 475
under Brezhnev constitution, 686
canteens for, 226—27
from Central Asia, 672-73
in civil war, 98—99
food consumption of, 282—83
in free trade union movement, 689—90
under labor code, 259—60
material incentives for, 227
under NEP, 116, 127-28, 134-35
under 1940 labor laws, 321-22
in 1962 plant disturbances, 592-97
under 1983 law, 709-10
after October revolution, 56—58
pensions for, 558—59
political impact of, 478
in pre-World War I period, 17
productivity of, 57, 58, 116, 168, 478,
644-45 purchasing power of, 475—77 right to change jobs and, 558 shortage of, 226
in Stakhanovite movement, 282, 284
on state farms, 633—34
wages of, 168, 202, 283-84, 475-76,
478, 645-46 work week for, 224, 475, 559 during World War II, 376 Workers' Group, 165 Workers' Opposition, 129, 131, 279 World War I:
army authority crisis in, 19—20 army unprepared for, 18—19 Brest-Litovsk negotiations in, 51—52 Czech surrender in, 79 governmental instability in, 18 munitions shortage in, 19 October revolution as consequence of, 15
Russian civil war and, 89 World War II, 370-449 atomic bomb in, 441 Battle of Moscow in, 383-86 Battle of Stalingrad in, 399-402
casualties in, 443—45 Deportations during, 379—82 factories relocated in, 376—77 fall of France in, 351—52 German occupation of USSR in, 393— 399
German-Soviet border preparations in,
367-69 heroism in, 445 Japanese surrender in, 442 Kursk offensive in, 402—3 Leningrad Front in, 386—87 Nazi-Soviet pact in, 322-42, 348-50 Northwestern Front in, 387 partisans in, 397—99 Poland invaded in, 339-42, 349, 351 repatriation after, 450—52 second front issue in, 412 social conditions during, 374—83 Southwestern Front in, 388, 414—15 Soviet leadership errors in, 445—49 Soviet peace program in, 412—13 Soviet prisoners in, 389—90 Soviets warned of German invasion in,
360-67 Volga offensive in, 390—93 Western allies in, 410—16 Yalta conference on, 414, 416—26 Wrangel, Petr, 95, 98, 145 wrecker trials, 208, 228-30, 231-32 Writers' Union, 270, 275, 488-89, 580
Yagoda, Genrikh, 272, 278, 302, 304, 315
Yakhimovich, Ivan, 655—66 Yakir, Iona, 304, 307, 531, 582 Yakir, Petr, 582
arrest of, 663
in dissident movement, 662 Yakovlev, A., 169 Yakovlev, A. J., 536 Yakovlev, Nikolai, 500 Yakovlev, Yakov, 234 Yakubovich, Mikhail, 229 Yakunin, Father Gleb, 590 Yalta conference (1945), 414, 416-26 Yamada, General Otodzo, 441 Yaroslavsky, Emelyan, 175, 229 Yasnov, Mikhail, 536 Yellow House, The (Zinoviev), 656 Young Bukhara party, 111-12, 152 Young Communist League, 175 Young Guard, The (Fadeev), 487, 490
Young Russia party, 179, 180 youth:
disenchantment among, 611—13 Marxism-Leninism taught to, 612 "truth" meetings organized for, 612 youth circles, 583—85 Yudenich, Nikolai, 84 Yugoslav Communist party, 458, 562 Yugoslavia, 359-60, 365, 418, 562 Yurenev, Konstantin, 252 Yuri Dolgoruky, 10
zaandropit, 708
Zalkind, A., 291-92
Zalygin, Sergei, 680
Zamyatin, Evgeny, 56, 195-96, 197,
270-71 Zaporozhets, Aleksandr 368 Zaporozhets, Viktor, 277-78 Zarubin, NKVD General, 406, 407 Zaslavsky, V. I., 318 Zasulich, Vera, 67 Zatikyan, Stepan, 668 Zetkin, Clara, 114, 170-71 Zharov, Aleksandr, 196 Zhdanov, Andrei, 318
in Politburo rival groupings, 498—500 Zhebrak, Anton, 484 Zheleznyakov, Anatoly, 48, 53—54 Zhemchuzhina, Polina, 517 Zhilenkov, Georgy, 428, 432, 434 Zhivkov, Todor, 624 Zhizn Natsionalnostei, 154 Zhukov, Georgy, 369, 370, 384, 388, 400
Khrushchev and, 554—55 Zhukovsky, Nikolai, 141 Zhukovsky, Petr, 484 Zinoviev, Aleksandr, 656 Zinoviev, Grigory, 33, 37, 39, 46, 82,
123, 124, 125, 132, 138, 157, 160, 163, 166, 181, 252 as Comintern chairman, 210 on German Communists, 254—55 in prison, 279 "Secret Letter" of, 212 trial of, 304
in United Opposition, 181, 183, 188, 190, 205 Zionism, 501, 670-71 Zorin, S., 608
Zoshchenko, Mikhail, 200, 488 Zvezda, 489 Zweig, Stefan, 302 Zykov, Milety, 427-28, 432
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Mikhail Heller was born in 1922 and is a historian by profession, having received his Ph.D. and post-doctoral degrees in Historical Sciences. Since 1969 he has lived in Paris, where he teaches at the Sorbonne. Mikhail Heller's books include: The World of Concentration Camps and Soviet Literature (London: Overseas Publications, 1974) and Andrei Platonov in Search of Happiness (Paris: IMCA Press, 1982). He has authored numerous articles on literary as well as historical topics.
Aleksandr M. Nekrich was born in 1920 and completed his doctoral and postdoctoral education in Historical Sciences. From 1950 to 1976, A. Nekrich was a Senior Scholar at the USSR Academy of Sciences Institute of History. Since 1976 he has been at Harvard's Russian Research Center. His works include: British Foreign Policy 1939—1941 (Moscow: Academy of Sciences Publishing House, 1964); June 22, 1941 (Moscow: Nauka Publishers, 1965); The Punished Peoples (New York: W. W. Norton, 1979); and Forsake Fear (London: Overseas Publications, 1979). Currently A. Nekrich is Editor-in-Chief of the analytical journal Obozrenie (Paris).