Goldstein) 131, 182 Vologodsky, Petr Vasil'evich 203
Volunteer Army 120, 210, 216 Volya (dreadnought) 102 Voronezh province 239 Vossische Zeitung 55, 61 Vostokov, Vladimir: Responses to Life 53-4 Vrangel, General Pyotr 177 Vvedensky, Father Alexander 244-5 Vyborg 129
Vyrubova, Anna 54-5, 57, 62, 168 W
War Cabinet (British) 212, 214
'War Communism' 7-8, 196-7, 242, 274,
277, 278 war credits 92
War Office (British) 209, 211 Warner Brothers 191 Whites
anti-Bolshevik forces 6, 7, 140-41 foreign support 6, 7, 187 a movement to rebuild a strong
sovereign power 167 Nicholas contemplates fleeing to them 168
headed by tsarist generals 169, 187 Yakovlev/Myachin joins 170-71 false conspiracy to free the tsar 174-5 and murder of the tsar and Tsaritsa 176 leaders hate one another 177 the tsar as a potential unifying symbol
177
and Red Terror 193, 194 become more of a threat to the Red
Army 217 defeat of main forces (1920) 218, 221 Wildman, Allan: The End of the Russian
Imperial Army 103 Wilhelm II, Kaiser
potential German intervention during 1905 Russian revolution 15
the tsar begs him to stop Austria going to war 61-2 Wilson, Colin 52 Winter Palace, Petrograd 70, 125
storming of 5, 136, 137, 167 Witte, Count Sergei 44, 46, 55, 60, 61, 145, 287, 300 'workers' democracy' 278 Workers' Opposition 262, 276, 277, 282 world revolution 51, 130, 187, 199, 291, 292, 296
Yakovlev see Myachin, Commissar Yale University 59 Yanushkevich, General Nikolai 62 Yatmanov, Grigory 248 Yeltsin, Boris 295, 297 Yermakov, Pyotr 172 Yevpatoria health clinic, Crimean coast 181-2
Yokohama, Japan 209 Yudenich, Nikolai 101, 177, 221 Yusupov, Prince Felix 64, 65, 67
Zavarzin, Pavel 65
zemstvos (elective local authorities) 35, 43,
45, 46, 71, 264 Zenzinov, V. M. 203, 210, 213 Zhdanov, Andrei 263 Zhizhilenko, Professor Alexander 247 'Zimmerwald Left' faction 92 Zimmerwald peace congress, Switzerland
(1915) 92
Zinoviev, Grigory 91, 93, 106, 130, 132, 133,
140, 182, 198, 263, 268 Zlatoust 172
Zurich, Switzerland 91, 92, 93 Zurich Volkshaus 92
[1] The kings intoxicate us with gunsmoke,
Peace between ourselves, war on the tyrants.
Let us bring the strike to the armies,
fire into the air and break ranks!
If they insist, these cannibals,
On making us into heroes,
They'll know soon enough that our bullets
Are for our own generals!
[2] Confusingly though revealingly, Lenin later insisted that the Bolsheviks had 'merely wanted to carry out a peaceful reconnaissance of the enemy's strength, not to give battle'. But he also admitted, as if nonchalantly, that it had been the first Bolshevik 'attempt to resort to violent means'.
[3] In the David Lean epic Doctor Zhivago, a like-minded officer stands atop a beer barrel exhorting the men to defend their homes, their women - not to shamefully surrender to the Germans. The men cheer: until the barrel gives way and the commissar falls into the beer. The men laugh, and shoot him.
t Bad as this sounds, mutinies in the Baltic fleet in spring 1917 were far more serious, costing at least 150 lives.
[4] So well did Kerensky hide the Romanov treasure in the Kremlin that the Bolsheviks did not find it until March 1922.
[5] Kerensky told this author in private conversation that his actions at the time were strongly influenced by the experience of the French Revolution when indeed the threat came from Bonaparte.
[6]
Lenin's arrival at the Smolny changed the course of history. Historians are agreed on that. Without him, the Bolsheviks would not have launched an insurrection on 25 October. There was no need to. Until Lenin's intervention, the majority of the Central Committee had not envisaged the overthrow of the Provisional Government before the opening of the Soviet Congress, and this view was shared by the Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC). Formed on 20 October to defend the Petrograd garrison against Kerensky's order to transfer the bulk of its Bolshevised troops to the northern front, the MRC became the leading organisational force of the Bolshevik uprising.
[7] During September he had even thought of organising the Petrograd uprising as a military invasion from the Baltic region, where he had spent the summer and had been impressed by the revolutionary mettle of the Latvian Riflemen (who would make a substantial portion of Lenin's personal bodyguard in the early days of Soviet rule). 'It seems to me,' he had written to Smilga, 'that we have completely at our disposal only the troops in Finland and the Baltic Fleet and that only they can play a serious role.'