1.3. Gender:
a) Nouns don't belong to any gender: amiga – friend (male or female)
b) One can specify the sex of a human by:
particles man- and gin-
- leker (doctor) – man-leker (male-doctor) – gin-leker (female doctor)
- kota (cat) – man-kota (male-cat) – gin-kota (female-cat)
changing "a" with -o and -ina:
- amiga (friend) – amigo (male friend) – amigina (female friend)
c) Some nouns imply the sex of the human:
- man (man) – gina (woman)
- boy (boy) – gela (girl)
- patra (father) – mata (mother)
- son (son) – docha (daughter)
- opa (grandfather) – oma (grandmother)
- brata (brother) – sista (sister)
- onkla (uncle) – tia (aunt)
1.4. Apposition may be marked with to (from "to es" – that is):
- Me (I) to kitabnik (book lover) lekti (to read) mucho (much). – I, being a book lover, read a lot.
- Molya (wife) gro-lubi (to adore) suy (her) mursha (husband) to soldata (soldier). – The wife adores her husband who is a soldier.
1.5. There is no article (numeral "un" (one) and demonstrative pronouns like "sey" (this) are used instead, when necessary).
2. Pronouns that function like nouns
2.1. Personaclass="underline"
a) me (I), nu (we), yu (you), ta (he / she), li (they)
- Nu (we) vidi (to see) li (they). – We see them.
- Me (I) dumi (to think) om (about) yu (you). – I'm thinking about you.
b) lu (he), ela (she), it (it), yu oli (you all), oni (one), ambi (both)
- Oni (one) shwo (to say) ke ("that")... – One says that...