The great powers of medieval Europe fought continuously in the Italian peninsula between the 12th and 14th centuries as they sought to expand their territory. Invading armies from Germany - the Holy Roman Empire - saw the creation of the defensive...




![Ars notoria, sive Flores aurei [Скандальное искусство, или Золотые цветы]](https://www.rulit.me/data/programs/images/ars-notoria-sive-flores-aurei-skandalnoe-iskusstvo-ili-zolot_959380.jpg)

